Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the normal pH of systemic arterial blood?
|
7.35-7.45
|
|
|
What is the survival range of systemic arterial blood?
|
Blood pH <6.8
Blood pH >8.0 WILL RESULT IN DEATH |
|
|
What are the 3 mechanisms of H+ removal?
|
1. Action of buffers
2. Exhalation of CO2 3. Kidney excretion of H+ |
|
|
What is the action of buffer systems?
|
Buffers converts strong acids/bases to weak acids/bases
|
|
|
Protein buffer System
|
In intracellular fluid and blood plasma
Composed of amino acids -Carboxyl group (COOH) - Amino group (NH2) **Hemogloblin is the buffer in RBC |
|
|
Carbonic Acid-Bicarbonate Buffer system
|
Both intracellular and extracellular fluids
Components -Bicarbonate (HCO3) -Carbonate Acid (H2CO3) |
|
|
Phosphate Buffer system
|
Mostly intracellular fluid
Components -Dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4) -Monohydrogen phosphate (HPO4) |
|
|
What happens during alkalosis?
ventilation, CO2 exhaled, blood pH, CO2, H+ |
Ventilation (up)
CO2 exhaled (up) Blood pH (up) CO2 (down) Hydrogen (down) |
|
|
What happens during acidosis?
ventilation, CO2 exhaled, blood pH, CO2, H+ |
Ventilation (down)
CO2 exhaled (down) Blood pH (down) CO2 (up) Hydrogen (up) |
|
|
What is pH and rate & depth of breathing regulated by?
|
Negative Feedback Loop
|
|
|
What is complete compensation?
|
Blood pH brought within normal range
|
|
|
What is partial compensation?
|
Blood pH is still outside normal range
|
|
|
What is the normal PCO2 in systemic arterial blood?
|
35-45 mm Hg
|
|
|
What is the difference between internal genitalia and external genitalia?
|
Internal genitalia is within the pelvic cavity
external genitalia is outside the pelvic cavity |
|
|
why are testes in exposed and dangerous place?
|
Body temperature would render male infertile. The temperature inside the scrotum is ideal for sperm development.
|
|
|
How does the tunica dartos regulate temperature of the testes?
|
Regulates temperature of the testes by wrinkles of the skin to conserve heat.
|
|
|
Reproductive duct of Male
|
SEVEn UP
1. Seminiferous tubules 2. Epididymis 3. Vas Deferens 4. Ejaculatory duuct 5. Urethra 6. Prostate gland |
|
|
Erection?
Ejaculation? |
Erection: parasympathetic
Ejaculation: sympathetic |
|
|
Where is semen secreted from?
|
Seminal vesicles
Prostate Gland Bulbo-urethral glands SPERM |
|
|
What makes up semen?
|
60% of sperm
-Fructose -Prostaglandins -Substances that clot semen -Substances that liquefy semen after clotting -Substance that suppress immune response against semen in female -Substances that enhance sperm's motility 40% of semen -Citric acid -Substance that enhance sperm's motility -Substances that clot semen -Substances that liquefy semen after clotting PSA- Prostate-specific antigen |
|
|
What tests do doctors do to check for prostate cancer?
|
Rectal exam
|
|
|
What is the spermatic cord made up of?
|
Ductus deferens
Testicular artery Pampiniform plexus of veins Lymphatic vessels Autonomic nerves |
|
|
How does the pampiniform plexus of veins regulate the temperture of the testes?
|
-Pampiniform plexus of veins carries cool blood from testes and extracts excess heat from testicular artery before blood reaches the testes
|
|
|
What is the potential problem the inguinal canal poses upon males?`
|
Inguinal hernias
|
|
|
What is the difference between indirect inguinal hernia and direct inguinal hernia?
|
Indirect hernia: Protrudes through inguinal rings- result from failure in closure of internal inguinal ring after testicle descend
direct hernia: protrudes through a weak point in abdominal wall -inguinal triangle |
|
|
What is the time frame of spermatogenesis?
|
-Takes about 75 days
-20-25 days to mature -TOTAL TIME TO PRODUCE MATURE SPERM: 100 days |
|
|
What do sertoli cells do?
|
Prevents escape of antigenic proteins
|
|
|
Why do Leydig cells surround capillaries?
|
Produces and secrete testosterone. Secretes into capillaries and testosterone travels into the blood
|
|
|
What happens during erection?
|
1. Arteries supplying erectile bodies dilate- increasing blood flow
2. As erectile bodies fill & swell with blood, erectile bodies compress veins preventing drainage of blood (maintains engorgement) |
|
|
What is the purpose of the plug of mucus in females?
|
Prevent sperm from entering the uterus
|
|
|
What do doctors do to test for cervical cancer?
|
1. Speculum exam
or 2. Bimanual exam |
|
|
What are the homologous structures between male and female?
|
Penis------Clitoris
Scrotum-------Labia majora Penile urethra-----Labia minora +vestibule Prostatic glands-----Para-urethral glands |
|
|
What are the phases in the ovarian cycle?
|
1. Follicular phase
2. Ovulation 3. Luteal phase` |
|
|
What are the phases in the uterine cycle?
|
1. Proliferative phase
2. Secretory phase 3. Menstrual phase |
|
|
The kidney excretes ____________ when the blood is too alkaline
|
HCO3 ions
|
|
|
Concentrated urine from the papillary ducts flows into the:
|
idk
|
|
|
Filtration occurs in the:
|
Glomerulus
|
|
|
____________ increases blood pressue
|
Angiotensin ll
or ADH |
|
|
The outer, smooth, and transparent membrane which clings to the kidney is called __________________
|
renal capsule
|
|
|
True of False
The papillary ducts are located in the renal medulla |
True
|
|
|
True or False
The renal artery is usually the largest vessel, with thinner walls than the renal vein |
False
|
|
|
True or False
The nephron is found in both the medulla and the cortex |
True
|
|
|
True or false
The main function of the loop of Henle is reabsorption |
true
|
|
|
True or False
Blood to be filtered enters the efferent arteriole and leaves through the afferent arteriole |
True
|
