Exam 4. Psych Of Adj.

Front 1

Human Sexual Response Cycle:

Back 1

Outlines typical patterns of responses.
1. Excitement Phase- vasocongestion(males): engorgement of blood vessels. This produces penile erections. In females this leads to swelling of the clitoris and vaginal lips. Women may experience nipple erection and swelling of breasts.
2. Plateau Phase: Sexual arousal continues to build at a a much slower pace. Uterus and cervix are lifted away from the end of the vagina. Head of the penis swells. Secretion of pre-ejaculatory fluid.
3. Orgasm Phase: An orgasm occurs when sexual arousal reaches it's peak intensity and is discharged in a series of muscular contractions that pulsate through the pelvic. area. Heart, respiration and blood rate increase sharply.
4. Resolution phase: physiological changes produced by sexual arousal subside. If one has not had an orgasm, the reduction of sexual tension may be slow and sometimes unpleasant.

Front 2

Refractory Period:

Back 2

A time following male orgasm during which males are largely unresponsive to further stimulation.

Front 3

Vasocongestion:

Back 3

Engorgement of blood vessels. Produces erection in men and swelling of the clitoris in women, lubrication and swelling of vaginal lips.

Front 4

Sex Hormones:

Back 4

Androgens for males, testosterone is the most important of the androgens and it's created by the gonads or sex glands. Estrogens is the main class of sex hormones in females. It is created by the ovaries.

Front 5

Motivations for Sexual Intercourse:

Back 5

1. Pursuing one's own sexual pleasure
2. Feeling good about oneself
3. Pleasing one's partner
4. Promoting intimacy in a relationship
5. Expressing love for one's partner.

Front 6

Menarche

Back 6

The onset of puberty in females. The first occurance of menstruation. Normally reached between the ages or 12 and 13.

Front 7

Spermarche

Back 7

In males, this is the first ejaculation. There is not clear cut marker for sexual maturity.

Front 8

Puberty

Back 8

Hormones reassert their influence on sexual development.

Front 9

Primary Sexual Characteristics

Back 9

Are the structures necessary for reproduction

Front 10

Secondary Sexual Characteristics

Back 10

Physical features that distinguish the genders but are not directly involved in reproduction. In females the estrogen leads to the development of breasts and widened hips. The contours of the body are rounded out as well. In males the androgen results in developing facial hair, a deeper voice, and an angular body contour.

Front 11

Meta-analysis

Back 11

Combines the statistical results of many studies of the same questions, yielding an estimate of the size and consistency of the variable's effects.

Front 12

Communication Styles of Men and Women

Back 12

Men like to talk and interrupt more than women and women like to speak more tentatively. Although both men and women experience emotions equally, women tend to express more emotion.

Front 13

Androgyny:

Back 13

This refers to the coexistence of both masculine and feminine personality traits in a single person.

Front 14

Gender Role Transcendence

Back 14

This proposes that to be fully human, people need to move beyond gender roles as a way of organizing their perceptions of themselves and others.

Front 15

Sexual Dysfunctions:

Back 15

Impairments in sexual functioning that cause subjective distress. Can be caused by physical factors, psychological factors or interpersonal factors.

Front 16

Gender Schemas

Back 16

Cognitive structures that guide the processing of gender-relevant information information. Compare this to a lens that causes people to view and organize the world into terms of gender.

Front 17

Gender-role Socialization:

Back 17

Shaped by power of reward and punishment. Parents, teachers and peers often reinforce gender appropriate behavior.

Front 18

Social Role Theory

Back 18

Asserts that minor gender differences are exaggerated by the different social roles that males and females occupy. For example: women are assigned the role of caregiver, they learn to behave in nurturing ways. Over time, people come to associate such role related behaviors with individuals of a given gender not with the roles they play. In other words the trait of being nurturing would be associated with being a female rather belonging to that of a nurse or doctor.

Front 19

Androcentrism:

Back 19

The belief that the male is the norm. For example: Androcentrism in the work place...A man follows through on tasks but if a woman acts that way she is viewed as not knowing when to quit...or if a man knows how to stand firm on his decisions..a woman can do the same but she will be viewed as acting too rigid.

Front 20

Gender differences in Aggression

Back 20

Men consistently engage in more physical and verbal aggression. Women are more likely to engage in relational ( talking behind someones back, giving the silent treatment, or trying to get someone to dislike a certain person) and indirect aggression ( the target is not directly confronted).

Front 21

Gender differences in personality:

Back 21

females typically score lower on self esteem than males but the difference is small.

Front 22

Alexithymia:

Back 22

A psychological disorder that is described as being maladaptive and causes the inability to identify and verbally describe emotions and feelings.

Front 23

Social Constructionism:

Back 23

The construction of reality by the individual is based on societal expectations, conditioning and self socialization.

Front 24

Gender differences in cognitive skills:

Back 24

Verbal: Girls start speaking a little earlier than boys and have larger vocabularies and are better at reading. Girls are also more verbally fluent.
Mathematics: When it comes to problem solving boys start to outperform girls at a younger age.
Spatial: Males will typically outperform females when it comes to spatial abilities.