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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some of the suggested hypotheses to explain the observed latitudinal gradient of biodiversity?
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1. evolutionary time
2. disturbance 3. climatic stability 4. stability of primary productivity 5. spatial heterogeneity |
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nitrogen fixation
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bacteria produce ammonia or ammonium
(think about soil) |
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nitrification
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nitrifying bacteria oxidizes ammonia to nitrate ions
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assimilation
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denitrifying bacteria produces N2
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denitrification
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nitrogen is released in to the atmosphere
-legumes help fix nitrogen in the soil |
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why is phosphorus important biologically?
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-part of nucleic acids, helps organisms live and obtain energy
-essential macromineral for plants |
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where does phosphorus come from?
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geo weathering and uplifting of phosphate rocks
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inertia
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the ability of an ecosystem to resist change in the face of a disrupting external influence
(desert) |
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resilience
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ability of an ecosystem to recover from a change in structure caused by some disturbance (fire maintained ecosystem)
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littoral zone
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shallow water by the shore
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limnetic zone
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top of the water farther out
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photic zone
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slightly deeper than limnetic
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aphotic
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deeper than photic
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benthic zone
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deep water
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how can the high diversity of a coral reef be explained?
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primary productivity is high cuz cyanobacteria provide nitrates to process thru nitrogen fixation
corals absorb nutrients from the water |
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Coriolis effect
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when something is moving straight but appears to be curved
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What cell drives the other cell?
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Hadley cell
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Plant adaptations to extreme environments
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-Increased amounts of solutes in cells (glucose, fructose and certain proteins and alcohols)
-stomatal cell guards close up -leaf abscission |
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benefits/costs of endothermy
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benefits: instantly respond to enviro stimuli independent of conditions
-can perform optimally under a wide range of temps costs: -production of heat is costly -can easily overheat esp in the winter |
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ectothermy
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benefits:
-energetically cheaper -less risk of overheating during periods of intense heat costs: -difficulty in responding to stimuli in cold and changing enviros |
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counter-current heat exchange
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Heat is transferred from arteries yo nearby vein, thus reducing heat loss from water
Endotherms use it to warm their extremities Ectotherms use it to warm their muscles |
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high surface area facilitates . . .
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the release of heat in to the surrounding air
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Bergman's rule
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species in cooler climates tend to be larger than species in warmer climates
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Allen's rule
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-protruding body parts are shorter in cool climates than in warm climates
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groundwater overdraft
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when water removal exceeds water recharge
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How do chlorfluorocarbons deplete atmospheric O-3?
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they turn 0-3 in to 0-2 oxygen gas
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Slash and burn agri leads to . . .
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decreased transpiration and increased runoff
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Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum
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period of extreme global warming
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How do we know climate change is not a natural phenomena?
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-C02 input with fossil fuels 30x what it was during PETM
-what took 10,000 years to occur during PETM will now occur in 300 yrs |
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what do plants do during periods of stress?
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plants increase respiration and release more co-2 in to the atmosphere
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How is atmospheric carbon retarding ocean turnover?
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it's saturating the top layers and retarding the process, which usually takes 5,000 to 10,000 years
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