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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pathology
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- study of disease
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Eitology
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- study of cause of disease, not always known
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Pathogenesis
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- manner in which disease develops
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Infection
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- invasion or colonization of the body by pathogenic microbes
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Disease
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- when an infection results in any change from a state of health
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Virulence
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- the degree to which an organism can cause disease
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Normal Flora
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- microbes found on/in a healthy body
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Transient Flora
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- present for only a short amount of time
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Symbiosis
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- living together
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Commensalism
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- one benefits, other is unaffected
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Mutualism
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- both benefit
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Parastism
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- one benefits at the expense of the other
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Opportunitsts
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- usually normal body flora, under certain circumstances will become pathogenic
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Symptoms
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- a change in body function Ex. headache, muscle pain
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Sign
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- measurable changes in body function Ex. body temp, blood pressure
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Syndrome
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- specific symptoms and signs that always accompany a particular disease
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Communicable Disease
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spreads from one host to another
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Contagious
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- easily spread
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Non-Communicable Disease
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- not easily spread
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Sporadic Disease
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- occurs only occasionally
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Epidemic Disease
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- when many people in a given area acquire a certain disease in a relatively short period of time
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Pandemic
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- occurs worldwide
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Epidemiology
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- the science the studies when and where diseases occur and how they are transmitted in populations
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Descriptive Epidemiology
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- entails a collecting of all data that describes the occurrence of the disease under study
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Analytical Epidemiology
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- analyzes a particular disease to determine its probable cause
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Experimental Epidemiology
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- begins with a hypothesis about a particular disease; experiments to test the hypothesis are then conducted with a group of people
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Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
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- a branch of the U.S. Public Health Service, a central source of epidemiological information in the U.S. Publishes the MMWR. Located in Atlanta, Georgia
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Morbidity
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- incidence of specific notifiable diseases
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Morbidity Rate
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- the number of deaths resulting from a disease in a population in a given period of time in relation to the total population
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Mortality
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- the ratio of deaths to population, death rate
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MMWR
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- Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report- contains data on morbidity and mortality in all the states
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Notifiable Disease
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- are those diseases which physicians are required by law to report to the U.S. Public Health Service
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Acute Disease
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- develops rapidly, last only a short time
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Chronic Disease
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- develops more slowly, longer lasting
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Latent Disease
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- inactive for a long time
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Local Infection
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- involves a relatively small area of the body
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Systemic Infection
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- found throughout the body
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Toxemia
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- toxins in the body
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Bacteremia
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- presence of bacteria in the blood
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Septicemia
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- bacteria actually mulitply in the blood
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Viremia
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- viruses in the blood
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Colonization
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- ability of a bacterium to remain at a particular site and multiply there
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Agglutination
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- Clumping of cells by specific antibody
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Septic shock
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- systemic reaction caused when a releases of cytokines have a variety of effects on body temperature control and blood pressure, symptoms include fever, acute respiratory distress, and multiple organ system failure
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Mast Cells
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- tissues cells with granules that contain histamine, heparin, and other substances capable of attracting phagocytes to the site of bacterial invasions; also produce cytokines
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Cytokines
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- signaling proteins produces by some mammalian cells in response to stimuli; mediators of inflammation, septic shock
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Lethal Dose (LD50)
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- the number of bacteria or the amount of toxin required to kill 50% of the animals experimentally inoculated
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Infectious Dose (ID50)
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) - the number of bacteria or the amount of toxin required to cause infection in 50% of experimentally infected animals, a measure of infectivity
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