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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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striated
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skeletal muscle
and cardiac muscle |
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not striated
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smooth muscle
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voluntary
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skeletal muscle
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involuntary
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cardiac muscle
and smooth muscle |
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only the __ contains cardiac muscle tissue
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heart
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___ is located in the walls of hollow internal structures, such as blood vessels, airways, and most organs in the abdominopelvic cavity
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smooth muscle
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what muscle is found in skin, attached to hair follicles
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smooth muscle
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what is the ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing electrical signals called action potentials
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electical excitability
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for muscle cells, two main types of stimuli trigger action potentials..they are:
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autorhythmic electrical signals and chemical stimuli
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the ability of a muscular tissue to contract forcefully when stimulated by an action potential
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contractility
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when muscle contract, it generates...
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tension while pulling on its attachment points.
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in an isometric contraction
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the muscle develops tension but does not shorten
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in an isotonic contraction
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the tension developed by the muscle remains almost constant while the muscle shortens
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the ability of muscle to stretch without being damaged
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extensibility
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what allows a muscle to contract forcefully even if it is already stretched.
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extensibility
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what type of muscle is subject for the greatest amount of stretching?
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smooth
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connective tissue does what to muscle tissue
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surrounds and protects
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a sheet of broad band of fibrous connective tissue that supports and surrounds muuscles and other organs of the body
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fascia
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what separates muscle from skin
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superficial fascia
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what is composed of areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue..and provides a pathway for nerves, blood vessels to enter and exit muscles
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superficial fascia
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what stores most of the body's triglycerides and serves as an insulating layer that reduces heat loss and protects muscles from physical trauma.
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superficial fascia
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dense irregular connective tissue that lines the body wall and limbs and holds muscle with similiar functions together
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deep fascia
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allows free movement of muscles, carries nerves, blood vessels, and fills spaces between muscles
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deep fascia
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microscopic blood vessels called capillaries are plentiful in ....
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muscle tissue
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each ___ is in close contact with one ore more ___
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muscle fiber
capillaries |
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the blood capillaries do what
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bring in oxygen and nutrients and remove heat and waste products of muscle metabolism
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during contraction, a muscle fiber does what
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synthesizes and uses ATP
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muscle stem cells that fuse together to form muscle fibers
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myoblasts
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mesodermal cells are called
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myoblasts
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once fusion has occured, what happens to the muscle fiber..
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it loses its ability to undergo mitosis
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what promotes further enlargement of muscle fibers?
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the hormone testosterone
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the plasma membrane of a muscle cell
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sarcolemma
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tiny invaginations of the sarcolemma are called
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transverse tubules
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within the sarcolemma is the ___, the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
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sarcoplasm
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includes glycogen that is used for synthesis of ATP
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sarcoplasm
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the sarcoplams contains what kind of protein
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myoglobin (red)
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this protein, found only in muscle binds oxygen molecules that diffuse into muscle fibers from interstitial fluid
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myoglobin
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what releases oxygen when mitochondria need it for ATP production
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myoglobin
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the contracticle elements of skeletal muscle
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myofibrils
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a fluid filled system of membranous sacs
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sarcoplasmic reticulum
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what encircles each myofibril?
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sarcoplasmic reticulum
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in a relaxed muscle fiber, the ___ stores ___
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sarcoplasmic reticulum stores calcium ions
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what is the smallest functional unit of muscle
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sarcomere
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myosin and actin
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a bands
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actin only
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i bands
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myosin only
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h zone
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thick and thin filaments overlap one another to:
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greater or lesser extent, depending on whther the muscle is contracted, relaxed, or stretched
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myofibrils are built from 3 kinds of proteins:
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contracticle proteins
regulatory proteins structural proteins |
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what kind of protein generates force during contraction
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contractile proteins
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what kind of protein helps switch the contraction processes on and off
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regulatory proteins
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what kind of protein keep the thick and thin filaments in proper alignment
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structural proteins
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what kind of protein give the myofibril elasticity and extensibility
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structural proteins
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what kind of protein link the myofibrils to the sarcolemma and extracellular matrix
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structural proteins
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the two contractile proteins in muscle are:
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myosin and actin
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what are the main components of thick and thin filaments
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myosin and actin
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what functions as a motor protein for all three types of muscle tissue
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myosin
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what protein is found in thin filaments
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actin
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thin filaments extend from anchoring points within the..
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z discs
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regulatory proteins include..
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tropomyosin and troponin
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covers myosin binding sites on actin
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troposymosin
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what binds to calcium ions to expose myosin binding sites
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troponin
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structural proteins includes:
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titin
myomesin dystrophin |
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structural protein
anchors thick filaments to z disc and m line |
titin
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forms the m line
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myomesin
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reinforces sarcolemma and helps transmit the tension generated by the sarcomeres to the tendons
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dystrophin
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what helps stabilize the position of the thick filament
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titan
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