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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What would be a risk for constipation? |
Decrease fluid intake, medication hemmorrhoids or fissures, metabolic or neurological conditions, colon cancer, decrease intake of fiber, decrease mobility chronic laxative use. |
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If a patient reports feeling constipated but passes small frequent liquid stools. What should you check for? |
Fecal impaction. Fecal mass is so dry it can not be passed. Small frequent loose stools (sometimes treated with antidiarrheal will make constipation worse). |
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*A patient has a history of an MI should hey strain on defecation? |
No. Valsalva's maneuver- can cause cardiac, neurological and respiratory complications. |
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How do you empty a colostomy pouch that is full of gas? |
The same way you empty for solids (pinhole-allows odor). New bags- too expensive- changing too often can cause a skin breakdown. |
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*What are common causes of diarrhea? |
Bacterial or viral infections.
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Teaching for a patient with diarrhea. |
Be aware that weakness and dehydration can be caused from fluid loss! |
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A post-op complication of an appendectomy might present itself with what sign? |
Infection. It will present with rigid abdomen. |
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What foods are on a clear liquid diet? |
Clear juices, natural color (No pulp). Avoid red dye. |
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*Wht condition predisposes to diverticulitis? |
Chronic constipation= pressure in the bowel is increased with constipation which leads to diverticulitis. |
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What is diverticulitis? |
When food and bacteria are trapped in diverticulum. Inflammation and infection develop diverticulitis (pouches in colon that are inflamed). |
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A patient with Crohn's disease needs to do what to help in his care? |
Increase oral fluids we must prevent dehydration. |
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What is an ileostomy (bag)? |
End stoma formed by bringing the terminal ileum out to the abdominal wall after a Proctocolectomy. (Colon removed end of small bowel. ) |
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What care would you give a patient who has an ileostomy and feels crampy? |
Warm bath- drink warm water coffee, tea, bouillon, broth. |
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*List signs of a healthy stoma. |
Pink and moist. Well attached to the surrounding skin, (blue- decreased blood supply, black- necrosis). |
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Skin barrier related to ostomy appliance. |
Skin must be protected, without protection, excoriation will occur. |
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*A patient has an ascending ostomy will they have to wear a bag all the time? |
Yes. Stool will be liquid to mushy. |
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Diet modifications to help prevent exacerbations of IBS? |
1) Increase whole grains brand. 2) Limit milk and dairy 3) Increase fiber without included. increase fiber, caffeine, spicy foods, milk products should be avoided. |
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Increase risk of colon cancer: |
1) Low fiber diet. 2) History of ulceratie colitis 3) History of rectal polyps. Lack of fiber prolongs fecal transit time prolong exposure to carcinogens. |
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*How would you prevent constipation? |
1) Set time to defecation everyday. 2) Drink water in the morning (2-3L throughout the day). 3) Increase fiber (bran). (Lack of stool leads to a blockage. |
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*What foods would you teach this patient to avoid? |
Alcohol |
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Discharge teaching for a patient with a colostomy? |
1) Empty pouch when it is less than 1/2 full 2) Check seal and tape around stoma after shower 3) Spray deodorant into pouch after cleaning. |
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Teaching related to (Entocort EC) TO REDUCE INFLAMMATION FRO cROHNS Disease. |
1) Take in evening before bedtime. WRONG- take in AM.. Grapefruit juice should be avoided. Swallow whole. Do not stop taking abruptly. Mood swings and weight gain may be noted. |
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Foods to be voided to prevent ileostomy blockage. |
Apples, dried fruits, celery, mushrooms. |
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What interventions should be discussed for a patient who has perianal area excoriation? |
1) Decrease pressure rectal tube 2) Stool culture 3) Protective barrier cream. |
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Diarrhea five times in one day what other symptoms would indicate need for ER care. |
1) Severe abdominal cramping 2) Fever 3) Blood in the stool |
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Define Melena. |
Black tarry fece's. ***Indication of free bleeding*** |
