Exam 4 Acid/base

Front 1

Molecules that release protons (hydrogen ions) I'm a solution are called?

Back 1

Acids

Front 2

Molecules that accept hydrogen ions (protons) are?

Back 2

bases

Front 3

Hydrogen chloride (HCI)in water has 100% separation of its ions which did not recombine.

Back 3

Strong acid

Front 4

Lactic acid only releases a fraction of ions in solution.

Back 4

Weak acid

Front 5

The acidity of a solution thus refers to the ______________________ in the solution?

Back 5

free hydrogen ion concentration

Front 6

The ___________________ concentration , the greater the acidity.

Back 6

Higher the hydrogen

Front 7

Tge higher the hydrogen ion concentration, the _________.

Back 7

the greater the acidity

Front 8

The hydrogen ion concentration is expressed as the solutions _____?

Back 8

pH

Front 9

pH is ___________ to the base 10 of the hydrogen ion concentration.

Back 9

the negative logarithm

Front 10

Decrease in one number is?

Back 10

10x increase in H+ ions

Front 11

pH=?

Back 11

-log [H+]

Front 12

10x increase on H+ ions=?

Back 12

Decrease in one number

Front 13

Pure water has a pH of ____ and is termed a neutral solution.

Back 13

pH of 7

Front 14

Pure water has a pH of 7 and is termed a _________.

Back 14

neutral solution

Front 15

_______ have a lower hydrogen ion concentration (a pH higher than 7.0)

Back 15

Alkaline solutions

Front 16

______________ have a higher hydrogen ion concentration (a pH lower than 7.0)

Back 16

Acidic solutions

Front 17

As acidity increases pH _____?

Back 17

decreases

Front 18

Hydrogen ion concentration in the body is _______?

Back 18

tightly regulated

Front 19

Hydrogen ion concentration can determine __________ and shape of proteins

Back 19

enzyme function

Front 20

pH above 7.45

Back 20

alkalosis

Front 21

pH below 7.35

Back 21

Acidosis

Front 22

7.34-7.45 pH

Back 22

arterial blood

Front 23

4.5-8.0 pH

Back 23

Urine

Front 24

A huge quantity of CO2 is generated daily as the result of _______?

Back 24

oxidative metabolism

Front 25

These CO2 molecules participate in the generation of hydrogen ions during the passage of blood through peripheral tissues for the following reactions.

Back 25

Oxidative metabolism

Front 26

Back 26

Formula of oxidative metabolism

Front 27

Causes a net gain of hydrogen ions.

Back 27

Hypoventilation (acidosis)

Front 28

causes a net elimination of hydrogen ions.

Back 28

hyperventilation(alkalosis)

Front 29

When gastrointestinal secretions leave the body this represents a change in hydrogen ions.

Back 29

Vomitus and Diarrhea

Front 30

Will cause an increase in pH (more alkaline) & loss of H+ ion.

Back 30

Vomitus

Front 31

Will cause a decrease in pH; gain H+ ions

Back 31

Diarrhea

Front 32

When a bicarbonate ion is lost from the body is the same as if the body __________?

Back 32

has gained a hydrogen ion

Front 33

Any substance that can reversibly bind hydrogen ions is called ?

Back 33

a buffer

Front 34

Most hydrogen ions are buffered by?

Back 34

extracellular and intracellular

Front 35

Bicarbonate/ammonia

Back 35

extracellular

Front 36

proteins/phosphates

Back 36

intracellular

Front 37

When H+ ion concentration increases for any reason the reaction is forced ________________?

Back 37

Forced to the right.

Front 38

When H+ concentration decreases because of the loss of H+ ions or the addition of alkali the equation proceeds to the __________ and H+ is released from Hbuffer.

Back 38

to the left

Front 39

Buffering does not eliminate hydrogen ions from the __________________

Back 39

body or add them to the body.

Front 40

It only keeps them "locked up" until balance can be restored.

Back 40

Buffering

Front 41

Name the 3 buffers

Back 41

1.Blood buffers

2.Respiratory System

3.Renal Buffering

Front 42

Respiratory System and _______ work together.

Back 42

kidneys

Front 43

altered plasma H+ ion concentration is very rapid (minutes) and keeps this concentration from changing too much untill....

Back 43

Respiratory Response

Front 44

The more ______________ (hours to days) can actually eliminate the imbalance.

Back 44

slowly responding kidneys

Front 45

When the H ion imbalance is due to a non respiratory cause then ventilation is reflexly ____________?

Back 45

altered to help compensate for the imbalance

Front 46

Elevated arterial H+ ion concentration stimulates ?

Back 46

ventilation

Front 47

Hyperventilation causes reduced arterial PCO2. True or False?

Back 47

True

Front 48

Decreased plasma H+ ion concentration inhibits _____?

Back 48

ventilation

Front 49

The kidneys eliminate or replenish H+ ions from the body by ____________________________________?

Back 49

altering plasma bicarbonate concentration.

Front 50

The excretion of a bicarbonate in the urine increases the plasma H+ ion concetration just as if H+ ion had been added to the plasma. T/F

Back 50

True

Front 51

Also the addition of a bicarbonate to the plasma lowers the plasma H+ ion concentration just as if a H+ ion had been removed from the plasma.T/F

Back 51

True

Front 52

Kidney tubular cells produce ?

Back 52

New bicarbonate and add it up to plasma.This lowers the plasma H+ ion concentration toward normal.

Front 53

When plasma H+ ion concentration increases (acidosis) the kidney do not ?

Back 53

excrete bicarbonate in the urine.

Front 54

When the plasma H+ ion concentration decreases (alkalosis) for whatever reason the kidneys homeostatic response is to ?

Back 54

excrete large quantities of bicarbonate.This increase plasma H+ ion concentration toward normal