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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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aggregate planning
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the process of determining the quantity and timing of production over an intermediate time frame
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available-to-promise
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the quantity of items that can be promised to the customer; the difference between planned production and customer orders already received
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backlog
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accumulated customer orders to be completed at a later date
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backordering
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ordering an item that i temporarily out of stock
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capable to promise
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the quantity of items that can be produced and made available at a later date
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chase demand
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an aggregate planning strategy that schedules production to match demand and absorbs variations in demand by adjust the size of the workforce
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collaborative planning
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sharing information and synchoronizing production plans across the supply chain
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disaggregation
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the process o breaking down the aggregate plan into more detailed plans
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level production
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an aggregate planning that produces units at a constant rate and uses inventory to absorb variations in demand
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linear decision rule (LDR)
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a mathematical technique that solves a set of four quadratic equations to determins the optimal workforce size and production rate
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lost sales
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forfeited sales for out-of-stock items
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management coefficients model
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an aggregatge planning technique that uses regression analysis to improve the consistency of production planning decisions
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mixed strategy
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an aggregate planning strategy that vaires two or more capacity factor to determins a feasible production plan
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peak demand
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staffing for high levels of customer service
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pure strategy
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an aggregate planning strategy that varies only one capacity factor in determing a feasible production plan
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sales & operations planning
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a process for coordinating supply and demand
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search decision rule (SDR)
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a pattern search alogirthm for aggregate planning
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yield management
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the process of determining the percentage of seats or rooms to be allocated to different fare classes
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assemble to order
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a manufacturing environment in which major subassemblies are produced in advance of a customer's order and are then configured to order
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backward scheduling
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scheduling backward from a due date to determine when to begin a job
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best of breed
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a selection of ERP modules from different vendors
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bill of material (BOM)
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a list of all the materials, parts, and assemblies that make up a product, including quantities, parent-component relationships and order of assembly
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capacity
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the maximum capability to produce
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capacity requirements planning (CRP)
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a computerized system that projects the load from a given material plan onto the capacity of a system and identifies underloads and overloads
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cumulative lead time
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the total length of time required to manufacture a product; also, the longest path through a product structure
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customer relationships management (CRM)
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software that plans and execute business processes that involve customer interaction
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cycle counting
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a method for auditing inventory accuracy that counts inventory and reconciles errors on a cyclical schedule rather than once a years
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efficiency
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how well a machine or worker performs compared to a standard output level
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enterprise resource planning (ERP)
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software that organizes and manages a company's business processes by sharing information across functional areas
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expedite
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to speed up order so that they are completed in less than their normal lead time
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explosion
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the process of determing requirement for lower level item by multiplying the planned orders of parent item b the quantity per assembly of component items
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forward scheduling
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scheduling forward from today's date to determine the earliest time a job can be completed
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item master file
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a file that contain inventory status and descriptive infomation on every item in inventory
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load
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the standard hours of work assigned to a facility
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load leveling
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the process of balancing underloads and overloads
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load percent
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the ratio of load to capacity
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load profile
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a chart that compared released orders and planned order with capacity of a facility
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lot sizing
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determining the quantities in wchihc items are usually made or purchased
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master production schedule (MPS)
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a schedule for the production of end items (usually final products). It drives the MRP process that schedules the production of component parts
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material requirements planning(MRP)
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a computerized inventory control and production planning system for generating puchase order and work orders of materials, components, and assemblies
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modular bill of material
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a special bill of material used to plan the production of products with many optional features
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netting
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the process of subtracting on-hand quantities and schedule receipts from gross requirements to produce net requirements
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periodic order quantitiy
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a lot sizing technique that order at set time intervals
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product lifecycle management(PLM)
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software that manages the product development process, product life cycles, and design collaboration with supplies anc customers
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product structure file
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a file that contains computerized bills of material for all products
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SOA
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service oriented architecture; a software architecture that bundles together and stand-alone services
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supply chain management (SCM)
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software that plans and execute busines processes related to supply chains
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time fence
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a date specified by management beyond which no changes in the master schedule are allowed
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time-phased bill of material
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an assembly chart shown against a time scale
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time phasing
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the process of subtracting an item's lead time from its due date to determins when an order should be released
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utilization
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the percentage of available working time that a worker spends working or a machine operating
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XML
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extensible markup language; used to help different ERP systems communicate over the internet
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andons
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call lights installed at workstations to notify manement and other workers of a quality problem in production
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breakdown maintenance
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a maintenance activity that involves repairs needed to make a failed machine operation
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external setup
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setup activities that can be peformed in advance while the machine is operating
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five why's:
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repeadly ask "why?" until a root cause is identified
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general-purpose machines
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machines that perform basic functions such as turning, drilling, and milling
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internal setup
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setup activities that can be perofmred only when the machine is stopped
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jidoka
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the authority given to the workers to stop the assembly line when quality problems are encountered
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just-in-time(JIT)
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smoothing the flow of material to arrive just as it is needed
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kaizen
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a japanese term for a system of continous improvement
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kanban
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a card corresponding to a standard quantity of production (or size container) used in the pull system to authorize the production or withdrawal of goods
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kanban square
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a marked area designated to hold a certain amount of items; an empty square is the signal to produce more items
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lean consumption
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minimizing customer time and effort in the consumption process
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lean production
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both a philopshy and an integrated system of management that emphasizes the elimination of waste and the continous improvement of operations
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lean six sigma
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a combination of lean's principles for elminating waste with six sigma's reduction of variability
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manufacuting cell
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a group of dissimilar machines brough together to manufacture a family of parts with similar shapes or processing requirements
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material kanban
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a rectangular-shaped kanban used to order material in advance of a process
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muda
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anything order than the minimum amount of equipment, materials, parts, space, and time that are absolutely essential to add value to the product
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multifunctional workers
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workers who have been trained to perform more than one job or function
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poka-yoke
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any foolproof device or mechanism that prevents defects from occuring
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preventive maintenance
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a system of daily maintance,periodic inspection, and preventive repairs designed to reduce the probability of machine breakdown
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production kanban
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a card authorizing the production of a container of goods
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pull system
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a production sytem in which items are manufactured only when called for by the users of those items
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push system
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a production system in which items are manufactured according to a schedule prepared in advance
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signal kanban
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a triangula kanban dused as a reorder point to signal production at the previous workstation
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supplier kanban
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a kanband that rotates between a factory and its supplier
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takt time
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the cycle time of an operation paced to the rate of customer demand
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total productive maintaince (TPM)
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an approach to machine maintenance that combines the practice of preventive maintenance with the concepts of total quality and employer involvement
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undercapacity scheduling
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the allocation of extra time in a schedule for nonproductive tasks such as problem solving or maintenance
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uniform production levels
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the result of smoothing production requirements of the final assembly line
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visual control
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procedures and mechanism for making problems visible
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withdrawl kanband
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a card authorizing the withdrawal and movement of a container of goods
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advanced planning and scheduling (APS)
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a software system that uses intelligent anlystical gtools and techniques to develop realistic schedules
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dispatch list
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a shop paper that specifies the sequence in which jobs should be processed; it is often derived from specific sequency rules
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drum-buffer rope
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a concept in theory of contrains where the drum sets the pace of production, buffer is placed in front of the bottleneck, and rope communicates changes
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finite scheduling
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an approach to schedulingt that loads jobs in priority order and delays those job for which current capacity is exceeded
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flow time
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the time that it takes for ajob to "flow "through the system; that is, its completion time
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Gantt chart
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a bar chart that shows a job's progress graphically or compares actual against planned performance
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genetic algorithms
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a method that generates possible solutions based on genetic combinations of previous solutions
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infinite scheduling
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an approach to scheduling that inittially assumes infinite capacity and then manually "levels the loan" of resources that have exceeded capacity
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input/output(I/O) control
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a procedure for monitoring the input to and output from a work center to regular the flow of work through a system
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Johnsons rule
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an algorithm for sequencing any number of jobs through two serial operations to minimize makespan
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load leveling
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the process of smoothing out the work assigned across time and the available resources
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loading
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the process of assigning work to individual workers or machines
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makespan
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the time that it takes for a group of jobs to be compled--that is, the completion time of the last job in a group
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manufacturing execution system (MES)
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manufacturing software that monitors operations, collects data, and controls processes on the shop floor
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scheduling
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the determination of when labor, equipment, and facilities are needed to produce a product or provide a service
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sequencing
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the process of assigning priorities to jobs so that they are processed in a particular order
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shop floor control (SFC)
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scheduling and monitoring day-to-day production in a job shop;also known as production control or prodution activity control
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tardiness
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the difference between's a job's due date and it's completion time for jobs completed after their due date
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theory of contraints
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a finite scheduling approach that differentiates between bottleneck and nonbottleneck resources and between transfer batches and process batches
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work package
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shop paperwork that travels witha job to specify what work needs to be done at a particular machine center and where the item should be routed next
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