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231 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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glomerulonephritis
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bright's disease, a type of kidney disease caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine
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nephroptosis
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floating kidney, the prolapse of a kidney
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nephropyosis
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suppuration of the kidney
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polycystic kidney disease
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a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys
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Wilms tumor
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a malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children
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nephrolithiasis
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the presence of stones in the kidney
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nephrolith
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kidney stone
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ureterolith
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a stone located anywhere along the ureter
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cystolith
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a stone located within the urinary bladder
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hydroureter
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the distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow becase the ureter is blocked
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ureterectasis
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the distention of a ureter
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ureterorrhagia
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the discharge of blood from the ureter
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urethritis
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an inflammation of the urethra
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cystitis
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an inflammation of the bladder
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cystocele
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fallen bladder, a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall
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interstitial cystitis
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a chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder
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vesicovaginal fistula
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an abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina that allows the constant flow of urine from the bladder into the vagina
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neurogenic bladder
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a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination
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urethrorrhagia
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bleeding from the urethra
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urethrostenosis
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narrowing of the urethra
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epispadias
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a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening
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hypospadias
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a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening
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benign prostatic hypertrophy
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an abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland that occurs most often in men over age 50
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prostatism
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the condition of having symptoms resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hypertrophy
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diuresis
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the increased output of urine
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enuresis
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the involuntary discharge of urine
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nocturnal enuresis
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urinary incontinence during sleep, bed wetting
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nocturia
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excessive urination during the night
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oliguria
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scanty urination
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polyuria
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excessive urination
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incontinence
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the inability to control the excretion of urine and feces
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catheterization
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the insertion of a tube into the bladder in order to procure a sterile specimen for diagnostic purposes
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cystoscopy
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the visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope
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intravenous pyelogram
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a radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters
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voiding cystourethrography
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a diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra
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prostate-specific antigen
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blood test used to screen for prostate cancer
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dialysis
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a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of a patient whose kidneys no longer function
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hemodialysis
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the process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient's blood
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peritoneal dialysis
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the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood
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nephrolysis
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the freeing of a kidney from adhesions
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nephrostomy
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the establishment of an opening from the pelvis of the kidney to the exterior of the body
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pyeloplasty
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the surgical repair of the renal pelvis
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pyelotomy
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a surgical incision into the renal pelvis
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extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
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ESWL, the destruction of stones with the use of high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel
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percutaneous nephrolithotomy
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performed by making a small incision in the back and inserting a nephroscope to crush and remove a kidney stone
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ureterorrhaphy
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the surgical suturing of a ureter
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cystopexy
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the surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall
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lithotomy
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a surgical incision for the removal of a stone from the bladder
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catheterization
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performed to withdraw urine for diagnostic purposes, to control incontinence, or to place fluid into the bladder
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suprapubic catheterization
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the placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone
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urethropexy
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the surgical fixation of the urethra
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urethrostomy
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the surgical creation of a permanent opening between the urethra and the skin
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ablation
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the term used to describe some types of treatment of prostate cancer, the removal of a body part, or the destruction of its function by surgery, etc
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benign prostatic hypertrophy
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BPH
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catheterization
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cath
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chronic renal failure
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CRF
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cystoscopy
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cysto
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intravenous pyelogram
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IVP
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polycystic kidney disease
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PKD
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caus/o
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burning, burn
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concuss/o
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shaken together
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contus/o
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bruise
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encephal/o
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brain
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-esthesia
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sensation, feeling
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esthet/o
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feeling, nervous sensation
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klept/o
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to steal
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-mania
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obsessive preoccupation
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mening/o
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membranes/meninges
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myel/o
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spinal cord, bone marrow
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neur/i/o
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nerve, nerve tissue
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-phobia
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abnormal fear
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psych/o
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mind
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-tropic
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having an affinity for
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neurotransmitters
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chemical substances that make it possible for messages to cross from the synapse of a neuron to the target receptor
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dura mater
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the thick, tough, outermost membrane of the meninges
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anesthetist
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a medical professional who specializes in administering anesthesia
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migraine headache
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throbbing pain on one side of the head
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meningocele
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the congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column
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hydrocephalus
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a condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles of the brain
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meningitis
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an inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord
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Alzheimer's disease
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a group of disorders involving parts of the brain that control though, memory, and language
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cognition
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the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory
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dementia
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a slowly progressive decline in mental abilities/memory/thinking/judgment/personality changes
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encephalitis
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an inflammation of the brain that can be caused by a viral infection such as rabies
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Parkinson's disease
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a chronic, degenerative central nervous disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidy, and a slow or shuffling gait (manner of walking)
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Reye's syndrome
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a potentially serious or deadly disorder in children that is characterized by vomiting and confusion
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concussion
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a violent shaking up or jarring of the brain
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cerebral contusion
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the bruising of the brain tissue as the result of a head injury that causes the brain to bounce against the rigid bone of the skull
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cranial hematoma
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a collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain
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shaken baby syndrome
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the results of a child being violently shaken by someone
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lethargy
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a lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness, drowsiness, and apathy
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syncope
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fainting, the brief loss of consciousness caused by decreased flow of blood to the brain
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coma
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a profound (deep) state of unconsciousness marked by the absence of spontaneous eye movements, no response to painful stimuli, and the lack of speech
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delirium
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an acute condition of confusion, disorientation, disordered thinking and memory, agitation, and hallucinations
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cerebrovascular accident
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damage to the brain that occurs when the blood flow to the brain is disrupted because a blood vessel is either blocked or has ruptured
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ischemic stroke
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most common type of stroke in older people, occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked
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hemorrhagic stroke
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bleed, occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks
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narcolepsy
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a sleep disorder consisting of sudden and uncontrollable brief episodes of falling asleep during the day
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myelitis
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an inflammation of the spinal cord
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cervical radiculopathy
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nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region
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multiple sclerosis
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a progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation that causes demyelination of the myelin sheath
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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Lou Gehrig's disease, a rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles
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Bell's palsy
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the temporary paralysis of the 7th cranial nerve that causes paralysis only of the affected side of the face
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Guillain-Barre syndrome
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an inflammation of the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves, characterized by rapidly worsening muscle weakness that can lead to temporary paralysis
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sciatica
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inflammation of the sciatic nerve that results in pain, burning, and tingling along the course of the affected sciatic nerve through the thigh, leg, and foot
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trigeminal neuralgia
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characterized by severe lightning-like pain due to an inflammation of the 5th cranial nerve
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cerebral palsy
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a condition characterized by poor muscle control, spasticity, speech defects, and other neurologic deficiences due to damage that affects the cerebrum
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epilepsy
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a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures of varying severity
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causalgia
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persistent, severe burning pain that usually follows an injury to a sensory nerve
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hyperesthesia
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a condition of abnormal and excessive sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli
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paresthesia
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a burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet but can also occur in other parts of the body
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peripheral neuropathy
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a disorder of the nerves that carry information to and from the brain and spinal cord
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carotid ultrasonography
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an ultrasound study of the carotid artery
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echoencephalography
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the use of ultrasound imaging to diagnose a shift in the midline structures of the brain through the use of electrodes attached to the scalp
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electroencephalography
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the process of recording the electrical activity of the brain through the use of electrodes attached to the scalp
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myelography
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a radiographic study of the spinal cord after the injection of a contrast medium through a lumbar puncture
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anesthetic
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the medication used to induce anesthesia
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epidural anesthesia
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regional anesthesia produced by injecting a local anesthetic into the epidural space of the lumbar or sacral region of the spine
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anxiety disorders
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mental conditions characterized by excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations, or fear that is out of proportion to the real danger in a situation
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obsessive compulsive disorder
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an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, unwanted obsessions or compulsions
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panic attack
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characterized by a group of intense emotional feelings that include apprehension, fearfulness, and terror
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posttraumatic stress disorder
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develops after an event involving actual or threatened death or injury
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acrophobia
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an excessive fear of being in high places
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claustrophobia
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an abnormal fear of being in narrow or enclosed spaces
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autism
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a group of conditions in which a young child cannot develop normal social relationships, compulsively follows repetitive routines, and frequently has poor communication skills
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dyslexia
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a learning disability characterized by substandard reading achievement due to the inability of the brain to process symbols
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factitious disorder
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a condition in which an individual acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when they don't
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trichotillomania
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a disorder characterized by the repeated pulling out of one's hair
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delusion
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a false personal belief that is maintained despite obvious proof or evidence to the contrary
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hallucination
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a sensory perception experienced in the absence of an external stimulation
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schizophrenia
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a psychotic disorder usually characterized by withdrawal from reality, varying degrees of behavior
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hypochondriasis
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is characterized by fearing that one has a serious illness despite appropriate medical evaluation and reassurance
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delirium tremens
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a disorder involving sudden and severe mental changes or seizures caused by abruptly stopping the use of alcohol
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Alzheimer's disease
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AD
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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ALS
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attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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ADHD
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cerebral palsy
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CP
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cerebrospinal fluid
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CSF
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electroencephalography
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ECG
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epidural anesthesia
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EPAN
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intracranial pressure
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ICP
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levels of consciousness
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LOC
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multiple sclerosis
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MS
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obsessive-compulsive disorder
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OCD
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BONUS
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1 million
dura mater matrix-kitchen glove stapes same size as-grain of rice -smallest bone in body |
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blephar/o
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eyelid
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-cusis
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hearing
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irid/o
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iris, colored part of eye
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kerat/o
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horny, hard, cornea
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myring/o
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tympanic membrane, ear drum
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opthalm/o
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eye, vision
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-opia
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vision condition
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opt/o
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eye, vision
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ot/o
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ear, hearing
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phak/o
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lens of eye
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presby/o
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old age
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retin/o
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retina, net
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scler/o
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sclera, white of eye
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trop/o
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turn, change
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tympan/o
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tympanic membrane, ear drum
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adnexa
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appendages or accessory structures of an organ
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emmetropia
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the normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and the shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina
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optometrist
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a holds a Doctor of Optometry degree and specializes in measuring the accuracy of vision to determine whether corrective lenses are needed
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blepharoptosis
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drooping of the upper eyelid that is usually due to paralysis
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chalazion
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a localized swelling inside the eyelid resulting from obstruction a sebaceous gland
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ectropion
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the eversion of the edge of the eyelid
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entropion
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the inversion of the edge of the eyelid
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hordeolum
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a pus-filled lesion on the eyelid resulting from an infection in a sebaceous gland, stye
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periorbital edema
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swelling surrounding the eye or eyes
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conjunctivitis
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pinkeye, an inflammation of the conjunctiva that is usually caused by an infection or allergy
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dacryoadenitis
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an inflammation of the lacrimal gland that can be caused by a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection
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xerophythalmia
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dry eye, is drying of eye surfaces including the conjunctiva
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iritis
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an inflammation of the uveal tract affecting primarily structures in the front of the eye
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keratitis
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an inflammation of the cornea
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pterygium
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a benign growth on the cornea that can become large enough to distort vision
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scleritis
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an inflammation of the sclera
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anisocoria
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a condition in which the pupils are unequal in size
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cataract
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the loss of transparency of the lens that causes a progressive loss of visual clarity
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nystagmus
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an involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball that can be congenital or caused by a neurological injury or drug use
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papilledema
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swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point of entrance into the eye through the optic disk
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glaucoma
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a group of diseases charaterized by increased intraocular pressure that cause damage to the retinal nerve fibers and the optic nerve
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diplopia
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double vision, the perception of two images of a single object
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hemianopia
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blindness in one-half of the visual field
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nyctalopia
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night blindness, a condition in which an individual with normal daytime vision has difficulty seeing at night
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presbyopia
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the condition of common changes in the eyes that occur with aging
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strabismus
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a disorder in which the eyes point in different directions or are not aligned correctly because the eye muscles are unable to focus together
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esotropia
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cross eyes, strabismus characterized by an inward deviation of one or both eyes
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exotropia
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walleye, strabismus characterized by the outward deviation of one eye relative to the other
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ametropia
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any error of refraction in which images do not focus properly on the retina
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astigmatism
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a condition in which the eye does not focus properly because of uneven curvatures of the cornea
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hyperopia
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farsightedness, a defect in which light rays focus beyond the retina
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myopia
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nearsightedness, a defect in which light rays focus in front of the retina
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amblyopia
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a dminess of vision or the partial loss of sight, especially in one eye, without detectable disease of the eye
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ophthalmoscopy
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the visual examination of the fundus of the eye with an ophthalmoscope
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tonometry
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the measurement of intraocular pressure
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fluorescein angiography
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a radiographic study of the blood vessels in the retina of the eye following the intravenous injection of a fluorescein dye as a contrast medium
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tarsorrhaphy
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the partial, or complete, suturing together of the upper and lower eyelids
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iridectomy
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the surgical removal of a portion of the tissue of the iris
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radial keratotomy
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a surgical procedure to treat myopia
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vitrectomy
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the removal of the vitreous fluid and its replacement with a clear solution
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laser trabeculoplasty
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used to treat open-angle glaucoma by creating openings in the trabecular meshwork to allow fluid to drain properly
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retinopexy
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used to reattach the detached area in a retinal detachment
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otomycosis
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swimmer's ear, a fungal infection of the external auditory canal
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otopyorrhea
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the flow of pus from the ear
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otorrhagia
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bleeding from the ear
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barotrauma
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pressure-related ear discomfort that can be caused by pressure changes
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eustachitis
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inflammation of the eustachian tube
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infectious myringitis
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a contagious inflammation that causes painful blisters on the eardrum
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otosclerosis
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the ankylosis of the bones of the middle ear, resulting in a conductive hearing loss
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otitis media
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an inflammation of the middle ear
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vertigo
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a sense of whirling, dizziness, and the loss of balance, that is often combined with nausea and vomiting
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tinnitus
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a ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one or both ears
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presbycusis
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a gradual loss of sensorineural hearing that occurs as the body ages
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tympanometry
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the use of air pressure in the ear canal to test for disorders of the middle ear
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mastoidectomy
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the surgical removal of mastoid cells
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myringotomy
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the surgical incision in the eardrum to create an opening for the placement of tympanostomy tubes
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tympanostomy tubes
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tiny ventilating tubes placed through the eardrum to provide ongoing drainage for fluids and to relieve pressure that can build up after childhood ear infections
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stapedectomy
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the surgical removal of the top portion of the stapes bone and the insertion of a small prosthetic device known as a piston that conducts sound vibrations to the inner ear
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labyrinthectomy
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the surgical removal of all or a portion of the labyrinth
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cochlear implant
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an implanted electronic device that can give a dear person a useful auditory understanding of the environment and/or hearing and help them to understand speech
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astigmatism
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AS
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cataract
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CAT
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conjunctivitis
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CI
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diopter
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D, Dptr
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emmetropia
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EM, em
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fluorescein angiography
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FA, FAG
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glaucoma
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G, glc
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macular degeneration
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MD
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radial keratotomy
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RK
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retinal detachment
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RD
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visual acuity
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V, VA
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