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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Karl von Frisch
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Austrian scientist
communication in bees and birds |
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Konrad Lorenz
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Austrian scientist
communication, imprinting, and courtship in birds |
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Nikolass Tinbergen
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Dutch scientist
communication in birds ("supernormal stimuli") |
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preference testing
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allow animals to choose btw 2 or more options
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things to consider when making preference tests
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ensure experiment reflects animal's preferences
assess strength of preference determine link btw preference and welfare |
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motivation tests
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determine how hard an animal will work to gain access to or avoid an option
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limitations of preference/motivation research
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choices may be beyond animal's mental capacity
genetic selection may alter preferences don't know if welfare reduced when unable to obtain preferred option confuse familiarity with preference |
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future research directions
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ID primary factors influencing preferences
integrate with other measures of welfare use natural history to guide new studies use knowledge to improve environments |
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resource-based measurements (RBMs)
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measures of the environment and resources
welfare inputs: manager, environment, animal |
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outcome-based measurements (OBMs)
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measures of the animal's response
welfare outputs: health, production, behavior, physiology |
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criteria to consider when making new assessment methods
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practical
valid repeatable robust |
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epidemiological approach
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select random sample
assess severity, duration, and number of animals affected |
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USDA
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slaughter, trasport, commercial sales, exhibition, teaching, and research
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MSPCA
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neglect and/or abuse
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welfare concerns for horses
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soring, racing, PMU, work, branding
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welfare concerns for beef cattle
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branding, castration, nutritional disorders, extreme weather
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welfare concerns for dairy cattle
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lameness, stall discomfort, over-crowding, disease
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welfare concerns for dairy calves
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separation, housing, nutritional disorders, dehorning, tail docking, castration
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welfare concerns for broilers
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housing and space
proper handling humane slaughter skeletal disorders lameness |
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welfare concerns for free range and organic chickens
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inappropriate genetic selcetion
predation parasite control feather-pecking extreme weather lameness |
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welfare concerns for sheep and goats
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parasite control
tail docking dehorning castration |
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welfare concerns for swine
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housing and environment
teeth clipping castration fighting ear notching mixing stock |
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USDA
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ensures research animal welfare
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animal welfare act
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laws regulating animal use
enforced by USDA biolation punishable under federal law |
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animal
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covered: dogs, cats, nonhuman primates, guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits, warm blooded species
not covered: cold blooded species, birds, rats and mice, farm animals, fish, invertebrates |
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what do regulations ensure?
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animals only used when necessary
animals treated humanely |
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when can animals be used?
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no other alternatives
not duplicating others deemed beneficial |
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oversight at UMass
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IACUC, OLAW, and USA
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IACUC membership
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chairperson
scientist with animal research experience nonscientific member non-affiliated member vet |
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responsibilities of IACUC
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review and approve research, teaching, or testing activities with animals
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3 R's
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replacement - use non-animal model if possible
reduction - get info from few animals refinement - alleviate pain/suffering/distress |
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wild animal
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free living or captive species that lives w/o human intervention
parents not selectively bred for docility |
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major welfare concerns for free living wild animals
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habitat loss
pollution human presence management of wild pops |
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habitat loss
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loss of natural habitat b/c of human actions
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pollution
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household and industrial trash, light, noise, and heat
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human presence
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direct contract w/ humans, shared land w/ livestock, research, ecotourism
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wild pop management
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human interventions needed to control wild pops due to encroachment
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only rehabilitate if...
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treatable, recovery likely
can be returned to wild sufficient resources if endangered and can't be released, use for captive breeding |
