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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Incidence of diabetics increase per year |
6% |
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chance a baby born today will have diabetes |
1:5 |
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leading cause of death and disability |
diabetes |
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Diagnosis of DM |
fasting blood glucose of greater than 140 x 2 |
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Causes of DM |
pancreatic trauma cystic fibrosis carcinoma hormones from cushion's syndrome, primary aldosteronism pheochromocytoma drugs genetic syndrome |
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Classification of Idiopathic Diabetes Mellitus |
Insulin dependent(type I) Non-insulin dependent(type II) |
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IDDM is associated with a _________ of ________cells |
reduction of beta cells |
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NIDDM |
usually in adults over 40 obesity often |
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Genetic Defects of B Cells Diabetes |
Maturity Onset Diabetes of Youth autosomal dominant disorder nonketotic treated with oral sulfonylureas |
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Gestational Diabetes |
disorder of glucose tolerance of variable severity babies greater than 4kg neonatal hypoglycemia |
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Causes of Type I Diabetes |
autoimmune destruction of beta cells of the islets of Langerhans possible in response to viral infection or exposure to drug or toxins(including nitrosamines in preserved meats) |
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More men or more women with type II DM? |
women |
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Causes of type II DM |
aging, sedentary, obesity |
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Characteristics of Type II DM |
still secrete insulin often though with delay |
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insulin fits into receptor sites on the membrane proteins and does what |
opens a channel allowing glucose to enter |
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Deficiency of insulin causes hyperglycemia because of why |
insulin is not there to allow glucose to enter the cell |
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Hyperglycemia leads to what |
water movement into extracellular to dilute, thus causing polyuria and eventually polydypsia |
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Insulin deficiency does what to protein |
wasted protein because glucose is unable to enter the cell, thus protein is broken down to convert to glucose by the liver |
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Changes to Islet Cell in DM |
decrease in numbers insulitis or lymphocytic infiltration of islet cells hyaline change amyloid change |
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Long Term Complications with DM |
retinopathy neuropathy due to myelin degeneration stroke d/t atherosclerosis and HTN Peripheral vascular disease decreased blood flow renal damage increased susceptibility to sepsis |
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Acute Complications with DM |
Diabetic coma Somogyi Effect Dawn Phenomenon Skin Changes |
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Types of Diabetic Comas |
Keto-acidotic coma Hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma Lactic acidosis coma Hypoglycemic coma |
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Most common type of coma with type 1 DM |
keto-acidotic coma |
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Somogyi Effect |
decrease in blood glucose levels during the night followed by rebound in the morning |
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Dawn Phenomenon |
early morning hyperglycemia |
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Nutrition in IDDM |
timing of food with insulin elimination of sweets reduction of fats increased dietary fiber |
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Exercise does what with IDDM |
decreases blood glucose level causing patient to either increase carbohydrates or decrease insulin given |
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Signs and Symptoms of Hypoglycemia |
nervousness, pallor, tremulousness, arrhythmias, sweating, hunger weakness, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, irritability, loss of coordination, convulsions, coma |
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Insulin reaction |
forebrain increases drowsiness and perspiration hypothalamus causes tachycardia and LOC midbrain causes seizure activity hind brain causes deeper coma, decreasing reflexes |
