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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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serratus posterior superior and inferior:
-intermediate layer of the back mm. -innervation: ... -function: "old" thought = respiratory -new studies - proprioceptive? -implicated as a source of chronic pain in ... |
-anterior rami of spinal nn.
-myofascial pain syndromes |
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Intercostals (3 layers)
-Main action of intercostals: maintain ... between ribs rather than elevate or depress ribs (Levator costarum, subcostal, & transverse thoracic are of lesser importance) |
spacing
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if you fix the upper ribs, the intercostals will move ...
if you fix the lower ribs, the intercostals will move ... |
up
down |
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Accessory mm of respiration
a. Origin ... of thoracic cage (i.e. ...) b. Assist in ... inspiration and expiration c. Examples: - pectoralis major & minor - serratus anterior - scalenes |
outside
extrinsic forced |
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Diaphragm
a. Primary muscle of .../quiet respiration b. Shape: 2 domes; right higher (why?) |
normal
liver is there |
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Diaphragm Attachments:
- peripheral: inferior margin of ...; superior lumbar vertebrae - central: ... tendon - innervation: ... |
thoracic cage
central left and right phrenic nn. (C3-5) |
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the diaphragm is what kind of muscle?
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skeletal muscle
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Hiccups:
involuntary, spasmatic contractions of ... --> sudden ... --> spasmodic closure of ... (in larynx) |
diaphragm
inhalation glottis |
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cause of hiccups:
-irritation of ... endings (motor/sensory) -control centers in ... |
nerve
brainstem |
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what causes the cause of hiccups:
-indigestion, ... irritation, alcohol, brain lesions, thorax/abdominal lesions -anything that might "disturb" the ... nerves |
diaphragm
phrenic |
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movements of the thoracic cage cause and allow for ... and ... of lungs
-lungs can ... the size of the thorax, and the thorax can ... the size of the lungs |
expansion
contraction decrease increase |
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Lungs are "...": They will "..." if allowed to and "pull" on the thoracic walls and decrease thoracic space
... in pleural cavity keeps lungs from collapsing, so as thoracic muscles expand thoracic space, the lungs must follow |
elastic
collapse negative pressure |
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expansion of the chest wall --> pulls on the ... surface of lung --> expands lung --> creates a ... inside the lung --> "sucks" ... into the lung
relaxation of the chest wall --> allows the elastic lung to "recoil" (...) --> forces air ... of the lung |
outer
negative pressure air collapse out |
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anterior-posterior (AP) diameter:
-... acts as a "pump handle" with ribs #-#; relatively large change in AP dimension |
sternum
1-7 |
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transverse (lateral) diameter:
ribs #-# act as a "bucket handle"; relatively smaller change in dimension |
8-10
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chest wall expansion:
primary agonists = ... muscles |
intercostal
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vertical diameter: diaphragm
contraction: moves ... relaxation: moves ... unilateral nerve lesion: ... nerve is involved and a ... movement occurs where as the good side of the diaphragm moves down, it pushes on abdominal contents and shifts it to the other side and pushes the other paralyzed side up. (good side moves one way, bad side moves opposite way) |
inferiorly
superiorly phrenic paradoxical |
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changes with age:
-rib cage: ribs less ...; costal cartilages ... -posture and vertebral column: ...: intervertebral disc degeneration -thoracic and abdominal muscles: disuse atrophy (not as ... or ...) -tissue of lungs and bronchi: ... of elastic tissue |
elastic
calcify kyphosis strong functional degeneration |
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which organ lies directly deep to ribs #9-11?
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spleen
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fractures of a rib commonly occur just anterior to the ..., the weakest point of the rib, and may cause a ...
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angle of the rib
pneumothorax |
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what causes involuntary contractions of the diaphragm and may result in hiccups?
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irritative phrenic nerve lesion
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what may result in paralysis and paradoxical movement of one half of the diaphragm?
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destructive phrenic nerve lesion
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a fractured 9th, 10th, or 11th rib on the left may lacerate the ..., which bleeds profusely when lacerated and is usually removed
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spleen
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