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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who is accredited for inventing the first theory of "intelligent design"
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Paley with the "every watch must have a watchmaker" analogy.
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What blood type is the universal donor?
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O.
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What accounts for the differentiation of blood types?
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Blood types A, B, and AB have different sugars on the surface of the blood cell.
O blood cells have an absence of these sugars (thus making it the universal donor). |
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What did Kamura believe in regards to selective advantage?
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Kamura believed most genes have 0 selective advantage and that it doesn't make a difference.
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What blood type is completely resistant to cholera?
Why? |
Type AB.
It's unknown. |
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Was Kamura correct in his hypothesis about selective advantages in blood types?
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No. He said it made no difference.
It's very clear that some blood types have certain advantages making his hypothesis in this case incorrect. |
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So if AB is the most resistant to cholera, theoretically why does the B type still exist?
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AB X AB; you still have a 25% chance of getting BB as a cross.
Unfortunately, type B blood is the least resistant to cholera. |
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What is a prime argument for a fallacy in the development of the idea of intelligent design in regards to structures such as the eye?
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Because overall, the eye is not that "intelligently created". The octopus has a much better constructed eye than we do. We have a blind spot due to the optic nerve taking up space.
The integration of multiple complex parts that individually have very little to no purpose at all. Only in combination, or when working with another structure, does it work properly and benefit the organism. Perfect example of an emergent property. |
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"Pace e Bene"
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"peace and all good"
origination: Italian |
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What is the Italian equivalent for "pax et bonum"?
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pace e bene
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Technically, how many Christian creation stories are there?
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Zero.
Both were picked up from the Jewish. |
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What does "myth" truly mean?
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Myth doesn't equate to being false. A myth is ultimately a symbolic story.
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What two questions must always be applied when analyzing sources, scriptures, etc.
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1. Who wrote it (historical context) and when?
2. What is it about and why is it important? |
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What's significant about the god "Chronus"
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He eats all of his children and is symbolic that "time consumes all of us" because chronus literally means time.
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"Namaste"
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"I salute/recognize the divinity within you."
origination: Sanskrit |
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Where is Mesopotamia modernly located?
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Iraq
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Where is Mesopotamia?
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Where the Tigris and Euphrates join.
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What is the word for Earth/dirt in Hebrew?
Why is this significant? |
Earth/dirt in Hebrew: adama.
In the second creation story (genesis) god created man from the dirt (Adam). |
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What's the difference between the first and second creation stories?
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First: God speaks everything into being. (ie. let there be light)
Second: God creates man from the Earth making man and the Earth "connected" |
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In which creation story is the relationship between man and the Earth emphasized?
Why? |
The second creation story heavily emphasizes the relationship between man and the Earth as God created man from the Earth.
God puts man in the garden to till the Earth. You come from the Earth and must give back to the Earth. "From the Earth you came and from the Earth you shall return." |
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How is man dependent upon the Earth? Is there a reciprocal?
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Yes there is a reciprocal.
The Earth nourishes us therefore we're dependent but we also give back to where the Earth is also reciprocally dependent upon man. |
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"Ruah"
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breath/spirit of God
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What is the importance of naming the surrounding world?
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To name is to give essence. Humans name the surrounding world and ultimately create order.
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What is the supposed purpose of a human, in regards to the creation stories?
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The purpose is to continue the work of God. Your work is continuing God's creation(s).
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How do the two creation stories differ in regards to what was created first?
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First: everything was built up to humans. The earth was made, the plants, light, etc.
Second: man was created, then plants, then the female. |
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"Gassho"
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"with deep respect"
origination: Japanese/buddhist |
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How is man dependent upon the Earth? Is there a reciprocal?
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Yes there is a reciprocal.
The Earth nourishes us therefore we're dependent but we also give back to where the Earth is also reciprocally dependent upon man. |
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St. Francis:
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- Son of a wealthy merchant; wanted to be a knight/soldier
- Started a company dedicated to peace and seeing God in each creature - He was NOT a theologian |
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"Ruah"
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breath/spirit of God
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What is the ideological difference between Rahner and St. Francis?
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Rahner applies to Shirley's first principle that God is beyond anything that can be expressed, felt, etc.
(ie. his concept of the "infinite horizon" and/or "infinite beyond" in which we're continuously traveling). St. Francis applies more the Shirley's second principle that God is something "LIKE" we can feel, express, intuit, etc. (ie. finding the mystic ways of God within each creature) |
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What is the importance of naming the surrounding world?
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To name is to give essence. Humans name the surrounding world and ultimately create order.
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Did Bonaventure support a stagnant/moving being?
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He believed God is a sort of eternal dynamic; not a stagnant being - always moving, flowing.
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What is the supposed purpose of a human, in regards to the creation stories?
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The purpose is to continue the work of God. Your work is continuing God's creation(s).
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How do the two creation stories differ in regards to what was created first?
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First: everything was built up to humans. The earth was made, the plants, light, etc.
Second: man was created, then plants, then the female. |
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Significance of Bonaventures "logos"
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Logos: contain archetypes of everything that could exist.
Analogous to the ideas/mind of God. |
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"Gassho"
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"with deep respect"
origination: Japanese/buddhist |
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St. Francis:
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- Son of a wealthy merchant; wanted to be a knight/soldier
- Started a company dedicated to peace and seeing God in each creature - He was NOT a theologian |
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What is the ideological difference between Rahner and St. Francis?
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Rahner applies to Shirley's first principle that God is beyond anything that can be expressed, felt, etc.
(ie. his concept of the "infinite horizon" and/or "infinite beyond" in which we're continuously traveling). St. Francis applies more the Shirley's second principle that God is something "LIKE" we can feel, express, intuit, etc. (ie. finding the mystic ways of God within each creature) |
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Did Bonaventure support a stagnant/moving being?
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He believed God is a sort of eternal dynamic; not a stagnant being - always moving, flowing.
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Significance of Bonaventures "logos"
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Logos: contain archetypes of everything that could exist.
Analogous to the ideas/mind of God. |
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Define "vestige of God"
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Bonaventure's belief that there's a stamp/footprint on every creature which is expressed in different ways.
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What are different ways in which Bonaventure felt different organisms were "stamped" with God?
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It can be compared to "levels" to where some are stamped with self-awareness whereas others gave life.
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What did St. Augustine assume about the creations of God?
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He believed that God didn't have to create everything at once but instead planted the seeds that could later be developed into the world in which we're aware of.
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Who was Pierre Teilhard de Chardin?
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A French philosopher and Jesuit priest who intertwined Christianity with evolution.
He proposed that the Earth evolved in stages: 1. Lithosphere "realm of rocks" 2. Biosphere "realm of life" 3. Noasphere 4. Christosphere |
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While we accept and have proven natural selection and evolution, what is the "elephant in the room"
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We don't know how life began altogether. We know it evolves, yet we don't know where it originated.
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"Function is reflected in..."
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FUNCTION IS REFLECTED IN STRUCTURE.
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How could a rock be an example of a paradigm shift in humanity?
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With the use of rocks (tools) it allowed for the discovery of a sharp edge to kill animals.
Consumption of animals led to a diet remarkably higher in protein. Our brains are protein eating machines and therefore increased in size significantly. |
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What did the introduction of tools allow/indirectly lead to?
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A diet richer in protein and led to growth of a bigger brain.
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T/F: We evolved from chimps.
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FALSE.
WE DID NOT EVOLVE FROM CHIMPS. WE SHARE A COMMON ANCESTOR. |
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Why are chimps more aggressive than bonobos?
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Chimps have to compete for their food sources with gorillas whereas bonobos live in areas in which there is plenty of food and no competition.
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What system is more developed in the bonobos?
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The limbic/emotional system is far more developed in bonobos seemingly due to a natural outcome of having plenty of food and non-aggressive/competitive associations with other individuals in the population.
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Does our environment change our genome?
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Yes. In response to environmental selective pressures = change in either the genome itself or its subsequent expression.
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What is the goal of evolution?
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There is no "goal" of evolution. There's not a strict trajectory.
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