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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define mycoses/mycosis
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Mycoses: Fungal infections
Mycosis: A fungal infection |
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What is the primary and secondary classification of mycoses
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Primary: Site of infection
Secondary: Mode of entry into the body |
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What are the 3 types of mycoses?
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Cutaneous
Subcutaneous Systemic |
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Describe the type of fungal infection of Cutaneous, Subcutaneous, and Systemic mycoses
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Cut: epidermis, nails, and hair
Subcut: Beneath the skin Syst: Deep tissue and vital organs (disseminates) |
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Describe superficial and mucocutaneous mycoses of Cutaneous mycoses
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Super: Localized infection only on surface of hair shafts & epidermis
Muco: Infection of mucous membrane (ie. Candida albicans) |
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Describe dermatophytes
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-Not dimorphic (mold form only)
-Infects keratin (waterproofs the body) -Has keratinase |
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What are 3 examples (genus + species) of dermatophytes
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-Microsporum audouini
-Trichophyton mentagrophytes -Epidermophyton floccosum |
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What are 3 types of cutaneous mycoses caused by dermatophytes
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-Tinea Capitis: Ringworm of the scalp
-Tinea Corporis: Ringworm of the body such as the trunk, neck, hip -Tinea Pedis: Ringworm of the feet |
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Describe the method of transmission of cutaneous mycoses
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-Direct contact: People, animals
-Indirect contact: shower floors, mats, bushes |
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Describe the treatment for cutaneous mycoses
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-Topical drugs (Miconazole, Clotrimazole) - skin & nails
-Oral Antibotics (Griseofulvin) - for hair involvement |
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Describe the diagnosis of Tinea infections
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-KOH wet mount: skin scrapings
-Wood's UV lamp: hair infection -Dermatotrophic Test Media: look for pigment production |
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Describe Candida albicans (include types of mycoses)
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-Mycoses: Cutaneous, Mucocutaneous, and Systemic mycoses
-False yeast -Not dimorphic (only yeast form) -Normal flora -Opportunistic pathogen |
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What are the 4 variety of infection caused by Candida albicans (include type of mycoses)
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-Thrush (oral candidiasis) - Muco
-Vaginitis - Muco -Bartender's/Fruit Packer's finger - Cutan (skin & nails) -Systemic involvement |
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Describe Thrush/Vaginitis (include the organism which causes it, another name for it, treatment)
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Candida albicans
-(Thrush = Oral Candidiasis) -Infection due to weakened immune system -Treat: Long term antibiotic therapy (remove gram neg. & pos. rods) |
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Describe the role of pH in Vaginitis caused by Candida albicans
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-Lactobacillus in vagina keeps pH at 3.5-5.6.
-If killed, pH would increase (pH 5-6) and C. albicans can grow (yeast infection) |
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Describe the systemic involvement caused by Candida albicans
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-Immunosuppressed host
-Extensive antibiotic therapy -Complication of surgery -Diabetes |
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Describe the treatment for mycoses caused by Candida albicans
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-Nystatin, Miconazole, Clotrimazole
-Oral Ketoconazole (for systemic infections) |
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Describe the symptoms of a subcutaneous mycoses (include what is infected)
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-Forms ulcers (abscesses) & nodules (cysts) just beneath the skin
-Infects lymph nodes |
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What causes subcutaneous mycoses? How does subcutaneous compared to cutaneous and systemic
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-Caused by Saprophytic fungi in soil
-More serious than cutaneous, seldom fatal, rarely becomes systemic |
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Describe the route of transmission for Subcutaneous Mycoses
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Fungal spores/hyphae enter the skin through a puncture wound
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What are 3 examples that causes subcutaneous mycoses (include dimorphism)
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-Sporothrix schenckii (most common cause)
-Allesheria boydii -Philalophora verruscosa -All 3 are dimorphic |
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Describe the disease and symptoms caused by Sporothrix schenckii
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-Disease: Sporotrichosis (Rose-Gardener's disease)
-Symp: Forms ulcers (abscesses) & nodules (cysts) just beneath the skin |
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Describe the disease and symptoms caused by Allescheria boydii (include other name for organism)
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Madurella
-Disease: Mycetoma (Fungal tumor, Madura foot) -Symp: Localized abscess in subcutaneous tissue, may spread to muscles & bones |
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Describe the disease and symptoms caused by Philalophora verruscosa
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-Disease: Chromoblastomycosis
-Symp: Dark green lesions and cauliflower-shaped nodules |
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Describe the geographic regions of Sporothrix schenckii
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Warm, temperate, moist areas of tropics and subtropics
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Describe the geographic regions of Allescheria boydii
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Equatorial Africa, Mexico, Latin America, and occasionally USA
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Describe the geographic regions of Philalophora verruscosa
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Latin America tropics and subtropics
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Describe the treatment for Sporothrix schenckii
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Amphotericin B
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Describe the treatment for Allscheria boydii
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Amphotericin B, amputation
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Describe the treatment for Philalophora verruscosa
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Amphotericin B, amputation
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Describe systemic mycoses (include dimorphism)
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-Usually fatal
-Saprophytic fungi -Majority is dimorphic: 25C (mold), 37C (yeast) |
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Describe the route of transmission of systemic mycoses
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Inhalation of spores/hyphae > lung infection > disseminates into blood/tissues > vital organs
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What are the 4 examples that cause systemic mycoses
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-Coccidioides immitis
-Histoplasma capsulatum -Blastomyces dermatitidis -Cryptococcus neoformans |
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Describe the disease and route of transmission caused by Coccidioides immitis
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-Disease: Coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever)
-Trans: Inhalation of arthrospores or hyphae > lungs > pulmonary infection |
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Describe the symptoms of San Joaquin Valley fever (what organism causes it)
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Coccidioides immitis
-Symp: range from common cold to pneumonia -Most cases: self-limiting, complete recovery -Less than 1%: Chronic progressive pulmonary disease that disseminates > bloodstream > vital organs (fatal) |
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Describe what happens in the yeast phase of Coccidioides immitis
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-Forms spherules in tissues containing endospores
-Endospores released into bloodstream |
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What is used to treat San Joaquin Valley fever (include organism which causes it)
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Cocciodioides immitis
-Treat: Amphotericin B, Ketoconazole |
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Describe the Geographic regions of Coccidioides immitis
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Southwestern US, San Joaquin Valley, Southern Cali, Mexico, and parts of Central and S. America
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Describe Rhizopus species, which causes mycoses (include disease, what it's associated with, and treatment)
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-Disease: Pulmonary infection
-Associated with immunosuppressed host or exposure to large numbers of spores -Treat: Amphotericin B & surgical removal of infected areas |
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Describe Aspergillus flavis, which causes mycoses (include where it can grow on)
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-Alfatoxin: toxic, causes death
-Note: grows on grains, corn, peanuts, nuts, and animal feed |
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Describe Aspergillus fumigatus, which causes mycoses (include disease, what it's associated with, and treatment)
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-Disease: Pulmonary infection > disseminates to brain & vital organs
-Associated with immunosuppressed host or exposure to large numbers of spores -Treat: Amphotericin B & surgical removal of infected areas |
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Describe the disease and geographic regions of Histoplasma capsulatum
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(#1 systemic infection)
-Disease: Histoplasmosis (Mississippi/Ohio Valley Fever) -Geo Reg: Mississippi/Ohio Valley - Eastern & Central US |
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Describe the route of transmission for Mississippi/Ohio Valley Fever (include organism which causes it)
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Histoplasma capsulatum
-Inhalation of tubercule (spiked) Chlamydospores > to lungs > pulmonary infection > disseminates > vital organs |
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Describe the symptoms for Mississippi/Ohio Valley Fever (include organism, examples of infected areas)
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Histoplasma capsulatum
-Symp: Pulmonary infection (self-limiting in most cases); disseminates to vital organs (ie. liver, spleen, bone marrow, CNS) |
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Describe the dimorphism of the organism and treatment for Mississippi/Ohio Valley Fever (include organism)
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Histoplasma capsulatum
-Dimorphic: 25C (mold); 37C (yeast) (found in monocytes & macrophages) -Treat: Amphotericin B, Itraconzaole, surgery |
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Describe the disease and geographic region of Blastomyces dermatitidis
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-Disease: Blastomycosis
-Geo Reg: Mississippi/Ohio Valley - eastern & central US |
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Describe the route of transmission for Blastomycosis (include organism)
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Blastomyces dermatitidis
-Trans: Inhalation of non-tubercule Chlamydospores > lungs > pulmonary infection > disseminates > vital organs |
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Describe the symptoms, dimorphism, and treatment for Blastomycosis (include organism)
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Blastomyces dermatitidis
-Symp: Pulmonary infection (self-limiting, most cases); disseminates to lungs (tumors), skin & other vital organs -Dimorphic -Treat: Amphotericin B, Itraconazole |
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Describe the disease and geographic region of Cryptococcus neoformans
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-Disease: Cryptococcosis (Fatal meningitis & encephalitis)
-Geo Reg: US Highest amount, but worldwide |
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Describe the route of transmission of Cryptococcosis (include organism)
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Cryptococcus neoformans
-Inhalation of yeast > lungs > pulmonary infection > bloodstream > disseminates > meninges & brain |
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Where are opportunistic pathogen that causes Cryptococcosis found?
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Found in soil enriched with pigeon droppings
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Who are primarily infected with Cryptococcosis?
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Either debilitated or immunosuppressed patients (ie. AIDS)
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Describe the symptoms for Cryptococcosis (include organism)
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Cryptococcus neoformans
-Symp: Pulmonary infection (self-limiting, most cases); Nodules form in the lungs disseminates > bloodstream > meninges |
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Describe the dimorphism and treatment for Cryptococcosis (include organisms)
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Cryptococcus neoformans
-Not dimorphic: Yeast phase only (thick capsule) -Treat: Amphotericin B, Flucytosine |
