Exam 3: Matching

Front 1

The liberal democratic government based in the city of Weimar that governed Germany from soon after the end of the First World War (1914-1918) until the rise of the Nazis in 1933.

Back 1

Weimar Republic

Front 2

Founded in 1918, the activist group of artists and architects who called who called themselves the "Workers for Art" sought to participate in the restructuring of German society after the collapse of the government upon its defeat in the First World War.

Back 2

Arbeitsrat für Kunst

Front 3

A school devoted to the theory and practice of the fine arts, as opposed to the decorative arts.

Back 3

Kunstschule

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The "Circle of New Advertising Designers" was co-founded by Kurt Schwitters and others in 1928 to promote their common interest in the New Typography.

Back 4

Ring Neue Werbegestalter

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Almost a synonym for Art Deco, the term refers to designs that borrow from the modern movement in the fine arts, especially Cubism and Futurism.

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Commercial Modern

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A kind of vernacular, often improvisational, folk theater that originated in Italy in the sixteenth century and soon spread to Britain and France.

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Commedia dell’Arte

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A photograph that completely covers the page all the way to the edges.

Back 7

Full-bleed photograph

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The inner margins of two facing pages of a magazine or book.

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Gutter

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A commercial printing technique later adopted by artists whereby ink is forced through a screen mode of fabric framed by a hard stencil.

Back 9

Silkscreening

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A term used in Nazi Germany to refer to the "preservation of regional tradition" as opposed to the cosmopolitan, urban culture of greater Europe.

Back 10

Heimatschutz

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Literally "Degenerate Art," a term used in 1930s Nazi Germany to denigrate modern art, which the regime asserted had a corrupting influence on the national culture.

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Entartete Kunst

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An ironic term that mocks the typefaces promulgated under the Nazi regime (such as Deutschland), comparing the stroke of the letters to the black jackboots worn by members of the military and paramilitary forces.

Back 12

Schaftstiefelgrotesk

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A graphic design style that arose in Switzerland in the 1950s, the Swiss Style focused on clarity and legibility. Heavily indebted to De Stijl and Constructivism, the Swiss Style led to the creation of the International Typographic Style.

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Swiss Style

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Design style based on constructivist principles that came to prominence in the 1960s as an expansion of the Swiss Style.

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International Typographic Style

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A term coined in 1931 by Museum of Modern Art curators Philip Johnson and Henry-Russell Hitchcock to explain the new geometric style in architecture.

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International Style

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A technology that became popular in the 1950s whereby type was reproduced from photographic negatives.

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Phototypesetting

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A term coined by László Moholy-Nagy in 1925 to denote that set of aesthetic principles that would govern the integration of typography and photography as the new basis for graphic design.

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Typophoto

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The academic study and interpretation of signs in the broadest sense, such as languages, and their ability to produce meaning as well as act as arbiters of social power.

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Semiotics

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An acronym meaning "International System of Typographic Picture Education," devised by Otto Neurath, and Austrian sociologist, in the 1920s.

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Isotype

Front 20

Marketing a product or service without directly pitching in to the consumer. Soft marketing often involves engaging the customer through entertainment, such as in product placement in a film or by creating an internet game.

Back 20

Soft marketing

Front 21

Literally "after modern," this contested term refers to a constellation of design practices, style, and ideologies that arose in the 1960s and continue through to the present.

Back 21

Postmodern