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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pericardium (similar concept to pleural membranes)
-visceral pericardium (aka ...) -parietal pericardium -"cavity" between: ... -additional layer around heart: ... (most external layer; fuses with ... of diaphragm) (anchors heart and keeps it in place) |
epicardium
pericardial cavity fibrous pericardium central tendon |
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what is this clinical condition?
-a build-up of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac puts pressure on the heart, which may prevent it from pumping effectively |
cardiac tamponade
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visceral pericardium reflects onto great vessels becoming ...
Happens at 2 places: -between aorta and pulmonary trunk leaving the heart, and SVC, IVC, and pulmonary veins entering the heart = ... -reflection around SVC, IVC, and pulmonary veins on the base of the heart = ... |
parietal pericardium
transverse pericardial sinus oblique pericardial sinus |
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most of the front central area of the heart is the ...
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right ventricle
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what part of the heart is inferior and to the left?
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apex
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most of the blood into the heart gets into the ..., and then goes to the right atrium
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coronary sinus
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surfaces of the heart:
1)anterior: ...(and some ...) ventricle 2)inferior (diaphragmatic): ... and ... ventricles 3)right: ... 4)left: ... (and some ...) |
right (left)
left and right right atrium left ventricle (left auricle) |
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borders of the heart (similar to surfaces)
1)right border: ... 2)inferior: ... (and some ...) 3)left: ... 4)superior: ... and .. and ... |
-right atrium
-right ventricle (left ventricle) -left ventricle -right and left atria and auricles |
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right coronary artery (RCA) goes right into ... (sulcus)
branches: -...-->sinuatrial nodal branch: to ... node (pacemaker node) -...: inferior border of heart -... nodal branch --> AV node -... (PAD, PDA); from RCA in 67% of cases |
coronary groove
anterior right atrial SA marginal artery atrioventricular posterior interventricular a. |
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left coronary artery goes left in ... (sulcus)
branches: -... (LAD) -... (1. continues left in coronary groove and 2. left marginal artery) |
coronary groove
anterior interventricular a. circumflex a. |
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cardiac veins:
-all (with one exception) empty into the ... (which lies in the ...) -exception: ... which empty directly into the ... |
coronary sinus
posterior coronary groove anterior cardiac veins right atrium |
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most veins parallel the arteries:
-great cardiac vein: with ... -middle cardiac vein: with ... -small cardiac vein: with ... |
-LAD (anterior interventricular a. or Left anterior descending a.)
-PAD (posterior interventricular a. or posterior descending a.) -right marginal a. |
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which nerve does not innervate a muscle involved in respiration?
intercostal long thoracic medial pectoral phrenic thoracodorsal |
thoracodorsal
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Which artery has a branch that supplies the lateral side of the left ventricle?
anterior interventricular circumflex posterior interventricular right coronary right marginal |
circumflex
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what forms the base of the heart?
diaphragmatic surface left atrium left ventricle right atrium right ventricle |
left atrium
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A ... is a constriction of the aorta that occurs just proximal (infantile type) or distal(adult type) to the ligamentum arteriosum. blood pressure is reduced in lower limbs, and elevated in head, neck and upper limbs.
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coarctation of the aorta
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An ... may compress the trachea, esophagus, and left recurrent laryngeal nerve. Patients may experience difficulty breathing, difficulty swallowing, and hoarseness.
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aneurysm of the aortic arch
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what is this?
-results from an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity that compresses the chambers of the heart -pericardial effusion may result in Kussmaul’s sign, a distension of the veins of the neck on inspiration. -accumulation of blood in the pericardial cavity (hemopericardium) -decreased venous return and reduced cardiac output. -pericardiocentesis at the left xiphocostal angle to relieve this |
Cardiac tamponade
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What is this?
-causes a stiffening and reduced compliancy of the serous pericardium. -In patients, the ventricles may not fill completely and cardiac output may be reduced |
Pericarditis
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What commonly develop at one of the 3 sites of constriction in the mediastinum?
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Carcinomas of the esophagus
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