*exam 3 Chapter 14 Potter Perry Fundamentals Of Nursing

Front 1

Geriatrics

Back 1

is the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and problems affecting older adults.

Front 2

gerontology

Back 2

is the study of all aspects of the aging process and its consequences.

Front 3

gerontological nursing

Back 3

is concerned with the assessment of the health and functional status of older adults; diagnosis, planning, and implementing health care and services to meet the identified needs; and evaluating the effectiveness of such care. This is the term nurses specializing in the field use most often.

Front 4

Stochastic theories of aging

Back 4

View aging as the result of random cellular damage that occurs over time. The accumulated damage leads to physical changes that we recognize as characteristic of the aging process. (the word stochasic means "aim" or "guess" and describes something that is non-deterministic)

Front 5

Non-stochastic theories of aging.

Back 5

View aging as a series of genetically programmed physiological mechanisms

Front 6

Psychosocial theories of aging

Back 6

Attempt to explain changes in behavior, roles, and relationships that come with aging. The 3 major psychosocial theories of aging are Disengagement theory, Activity theory, and Continuity theory.

Front 7

Disengagement theory of aging

Back 7

the oldest psychosocial theory, states that aging individuals withdraw from customary roles and engage in more introspective, self-focused activities

Front 8

Activity theory of aging

Back 8

considers the continuation of activities performed during middle adulthood to be necessary for successful aging.

Front 9

Continuity theory of aging

Back 9

also called developmental theory, states that personality remains the same and behavior becomes more predictable as people age. The personality and behavior patterns that developed during a lifetime determine the degree of engagement and activity in older adulthood.

Front 10

What are the primary factors are contributing to the current increase in older adults?

Back 10

Increased life span
Aging baby boomer generation (born 1946-1964)

Front 11

Developmental tasks of the older adult

Back 11

Adjusting to decreasing health and physical strength
Adjusting to retirement and reduced or fixed income
Adjusting to death of spouse
Accepting self as an aging person
Maintaining satisfactory living arrangements
Redefining relationships
Finding ways to maintain quality of life

Front 12

Physiological changes of old age - Integumentary

Back 12

loss of elasticity, pigmentation changes, glandular atrophy, thinning hair, slower nail growth, atrophy of epidermal arterioles.

Front 13

Physiological changes of old age - Respiratory

Back 13

Decreased cough reflex reduces removal of dust, mucus, and other irritants from airways. Decreased cilia, Decreased vital capacity (increased anterior-posterior chest diameter); Increased chest wall rigidity; Fewer alveoli; increased airway resistance; increased risk of respiratory infections.

Front 14

Physiological changes of old age - Cardiovascular

Back 14

Thickening of blood vessel walls; narrowing of vessel lumen; loss of vessel elasticity; lower cardiac output; decreased number of heart muscle fibers; decreased elasticity and calcification of the heart valves; decreased baroreceptor sensitivity; decreased efficiency of venous valves; increased pulmonary vascular tension; increased systolic blood pressure; decreased peripheral circulation.

Front 15

Physiological changes of old age - Gastrointestinal

Back 15

Periodontal disease; decrease in saliva, gastric secretions, and pancreatic enzymes; smooth muscle changes with decreased esophageal peristalsis and small intestine motility.

Front 16

Physiological changes of old age - Musculoskeletal

Back 16

decreased muscle mass, strength; decalcification of bones; degenerative joint changes; dehydration of interverterbral disks

Front 17

Physiological changes of old age - Neurological

Back 17

Degeneration of nerve cells, decrease in neurotransmitters, decrease in rate of conduction of impulses

Front 18

Physiological changes of old age - Sensory

Back 18

Decreased accommodation to near/far vision, difficulty adjusting to changes from light to dark, yellowing of the lens, altered color perception, increased sensitivity to glare, smaller pupils, Loss of acuity to high frequency sounds, thickening of tympanic membrane, sclerosis of inner ear, buildup of cerumen, fewer taste buds, decreased sense of smell, decreased skin receptors to touch, decreased awareness of body position in space.

Front 19

Physiological changes of old age - Genitourinary

Back 19

Fewer nephrons, 50% decrease in renal blood flow by age 80, decreased bladder capacity. Males: enlargement of prostate. Females: reduced sphincter tone.

Front 20

Physiological changes of old age - Endocrine

Back 20

Alteration in hormone production, decreased ability to respond to stress, Increased anti-inflammatory hormone, decreased secretion of pancreatic enzymes and hormones.

Front 21

presbyopia

Back 21

Decreased accommodation to near/far vision

Front 22

presbycusis

Back 22

loss of hearing acuity for high-frequency tones.

Front 23

Functional status of older adults usually refers to

Back 23

ability to safely perform ADLs

Front 24

Older adults are persons age ____ and older

Back 24

65

Front 25

Concerned with the assessment of the health and functional status of older adults

Back 25

Gerontological Nursing

Front 26

Nursing care of older adults considered to be the art and practice of nurturing and caring rather than treatment of a disease

Back 26

Gerontic Nursing

Front 27

Study of all aspects of the aging process and its consequences

Back 27

gerontology

Front 28

Branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases that affect the older adult

Back 28

Geriatrics

Front 29

Identify 4 myths or stereotypes regarding the older adult

Back 29

Ill, disabled, unattractive, forgetful, confused, rigid, bored, unfriendly, not worth as much as other people, wealthy or poor.

Front 30

Biological theories of aging that state that random cell damage leads to effects of aging

Back 30

Stochastic

Front 31

Biological theories of aging that state that pattern of aging is programmed into our genes

Back 31

Nonstochastic

Front 32

Adjusting to decreasing health and physical strength
Adjusting to retirement and reduced or fixed income
Adjusting to death of spouse
Accepting self as an aging person
Maintaining satisfactory living arrangements
Redefining relationships
Finding ways to maintain quality of life

Back 32

The seven developmental tasks of the older adult

Front 33

In an older adult, what could any of the following symptoms indicate - Dizziness, urinary incontinence, mental status change, falls, dehydration, decrease in appetite, loss of function

Back 33

Acute illness (such as UTI or other infection)

Front 34

Decreased estrogen production, atrophy of vagina, uterus and breasts

Back 34

normal physiological changes to reproductive system

Front 35

Decrease in saliva, gastric secretions, and pancreatic enzymes

Back 35

normal physiological changes in gastrointestinal system

Front 36

Decreased ability to respond to stress

Back 36

normal physiological change in endocrine system

Front 37

pigmentation changes, glandular atrophy, thinning hair, thinning of skin

Back 37

normal physiological changes to integumentary system

Front 38

50% decrease in renal blood flow, decreased bladder capacity

Back 38

normal physiological changes to genitourinary system

Front 39

Decreased cough reflex, vital capacity, increased airway resistance

Back 39

normal physiological changes to respiratory system

Front 40

lower cardiac output, decreased baroreceptor sensitivity

Back 40

normal physiological changes to cardiovascular system

Front 41

Presbyopia, presbycusis, decreased proprioception

Back 41

normal physiological changes to sensory systems

Front 42

Decalcification of bones, degenerative changes, dehydration of intervertebral disks

Back 42

normal physiological changes to the musculoskeletal system

Front 43

Degeneration of nerve cells, decrease in neurotransmitters

Back 43

normal physiological changes to neurological system

Front 44

retirement, social isolation, sexuality changes, housing/environment challenges, losses due to death

Back 44

Psychosocial changes that older adults must commonly cope with.

Front 45

The leading cause of death of older adults in the US (as of 2010ish)

Back 45

Heart Disease

Front 46

The second most common cause of death of older adults in the US (as of 2010ish)

Back 46

Cancer

Front 47

The third most common cause of death of older adults in the US (as of 2010ish)

Back 47

Stroke (CVA)

Front 48

List 8 most common causes of death in order starting with the most common

Back 48

Heart Disease
Cancer
Stroke (CVA)
Lung disease
Accidents/falls
Diabetes
Kidney Disease
Liver Disease

Front 49

Use of several different drugs at once (could be prescription or OTC, often prescribed by multiple practitioners). May lead to harmful drug interactions

Back 49

polypharmacy

Front 50

Technique to help older adult to be aware of time, place, and person

Back 50

reality orientation

Front 51

An alternative approach to communication with a confused adult

Back 51

validation therapy

Front 52

Can significantly lower agitation levels in demented older adults

Back 52

touch

Front 53

Possible causes include electrolyte imbalances and cerebral anoxia

Back 53

Delirium

Front 54

Older adults require increased amounts of the following nutrients:

Back 54

Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Calcium