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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Evolution |
Heritable change in one or more characteristics of a population or species from one generation to the next |
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Microevolution |
Changes in a single gene in a population over time |
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Macroevolution |
formation of new species or groups of species |
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Species |
Group of related organisms that share a distinctive form Members of the same group or species are capable of interbreeding to produce viable and fertile offspring |
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Population |
Members of the same species that are likely to encounter each other and thus have the opportunity to interbreed |
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Empirical Thought |
Relies on observation to form an idea or hypothesis, rather than trying to understand life from a non-physical or spiritual point of view |
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Plant Succession |
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (bold was known to Darwin) |
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Carolus Linnaeus |
Responsible for the classification of all living things and type specimens. Known as the Father of Taxonomy |
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Jean-Baptiste Lamarck |
Realized that some animals remain the same while others change. Believed living things evolved upward toward human "perfection" Ex: Giraffe Necks Inheritance of acquired traits |
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Uniformitarianism Hypothesis |
Came from Geology. Slow geological processes lead to substantial change. Lead them to realize that the Earth was much older than 6,000 years old |
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Thomas Malthus |
An economist, says that only a fraction of any population will survive and reproduce. His findings influenced Charles Darwin |
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James Hutton |
Father of Geology |
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Charles Lyell |
Uniformitarianism |
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Gregor Mendel |
Father of modern genetics |
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Charles Darwin |
British Naturalist, Father of Evolution, His theories shaped several different fields such as Geology, Economics, and he went on the Voyage of the Beagle, finches |
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Galapagos Island Finches |
Where he saw similarities in species yet noted differences that provided them with specialized feeding strategies. |
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Alfred Wallace |
Sent Darwin an unpublished manuscript proposing many of the same ideas Father of Biogeography |
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On the Origin of Species |
Darwin's book that was published in 1859 which had details of his ideas with observational support |
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Evolution is based on... |
Variation within a given species and Natural Selection |
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Variation within a given species |
Traits Heritable- passed from parent to offspring Genetic basis was not yet known |
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Natural Selection |
More offspring produced than can survive Competition for limited resources Individual with better traits flourish and reproduce Evolved by "this" in many species of bacteria |
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Neosynthesis |
Revelation that genetics actually explains Darwin's natural selection |
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Evidence of Evolutionary Change |
Fossil Record, Biogeography, Convergent Evolution, Selective Breeding, Homologies (Anatomical, Developmental, and Molecular) |
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Fossil Record |
Shows changes in animals, specifically with prehistoric animals related to dolphins and whales. The prehistoric animals used to have legs. |
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Biogeography |
Study of the geographical distribution of extinct and modern species EX: Island Fox evolved from mainland gray fox |
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Selective Breeding |
Programs and procedures designed to modify traits in domesticated species Also called Artificial Selection Nature chooses parents in natural selection while breeders choose in artificial selection Ex: Dog breeds, Brassica Plants, Corn |
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Homology |
Fundamental Similarity due to descent from a common ancestor Homology may be Anatomical, Developmental, or Molecular |
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Analogous Structures |
Functions of bones and limbs are still the same |
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Developmental Homology |
Species that differ as adults often bear striking similarities during embryonic stages Ex: Gill ridges in human embryos |
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Convergent Evolution |
Two different species from different lineages show similar characteristics because they occupy similar environments |
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Examples of Convergent Evolution |
Giant Anteater and Echindna, both have long snouts and tongues to feed on ants Aerial Rootlets for clinging in English ivy and wintercreeper Antifreeze portiens in different, very cold water fish |
