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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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EXAM 3 ANATOMY LECTURE 31: FEMALE REPRODUCTION
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EXAM 3 ANATOMY LECTURE 31: FEMALE REPRODUCTION
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What does the vulva include?
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1. mons pubis
2. labia 3. clitoris 4. structures of the vestibules |
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Homologous structures of the clitoris and labia major:
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Clitoris: penis
Labia major: scrotum |
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Mons pubis
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Rounded fatty eminence
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Urogenital diaphragm
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Muscular components of the deep perineal pouch.
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Structures of the lower vagina
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1. perineum
2. orifice 3. hymen |
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Fornix
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Deepest portion of the vagina
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Posterior fornix
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The larger recess, behind the cervix.
Close to the rectouterine pouch. |
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Hymen
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Mucous membrane fold that surrounds or partially covers the external vaginal opening.
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Ligaments of the female reproductive system
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1. vestigial structure
2. peritoneal 3. fibrous CT |
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Vestigial structures
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1. round ligament of the ovary
2. round ligament of the uterus |
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Peritoneal ligament
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1. broad ligament
2. ligmanet of the ovary |
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Fibrous connective tissue ligaments of the female reproductive system
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1. cardinal ligament
2. pubocervical ligament 3. sacrocervical ligament |
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Where are the vestigial structures derived from?
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Gubernaculum
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Broad ligament
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1. mesovarium
2. mesometrium NOTE: classifed as messentery: a sheet of double layered peritoneum that carries blood vessels from abdominal wall to abdominal organs. |
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Cardinal ligament
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Suspends the uterus and vagina from the pelvic wall.
Main passive support for uterus Aka Transverse cervical |
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Pubocervical ligament
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Passes around the bladder
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Sacrocervical ligament
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Passes around the rectouterine pouch.
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Components of the uterus
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Upper 2/3
1. fundus 2. body: narrows at the cervix. Narrow region of body is called the ISTHMUS. Lower 1/3 1. Cervix a. supravaginal cervix b. vaginal cervix |
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Muscle layers of the uterus
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1. perimetrium
2. myometrium 3. endometrium |
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Perimetrium
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Outer covering
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Myometrium
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Middle muscle layer
Most of the uterine mass Muscle important in child birth |
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Endometrium
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Epithelial lining of the uterine cavity.
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Layers of the endometrium
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1. stratum functionalis
2. stratum basalis |
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Stratum funcitonalis
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Sloughed off with menstrual cycle
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Stratum basalis
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Responsible for regeneration
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Vascularity of endometrium
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Loose CT
Rich in blood and vessels |
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Phases of the uterine cycle
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1. menstrual phase
2. proliferative phase 3. secretory phase |
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Menstrual phase
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Days 1-5
Stratum functionalis is shedded |
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Proliferative phase
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Days 6-14
Stratum functionalis rebuilds |
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Secretory phase
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Days 15-28
Signaled by progesterone. More glycoprotein secreted. Spiral arteries elongate and coil. Uterine glands enlarge |
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Parts of uterine tube (fallopian tube)
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1. infundibulum
2. ampulla 3. isthmus |
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Infundibulum
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Surrounded by fimbrae
Distal end of tube |
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Ampulla
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Usual site of fertilization
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What moves the ovum in the uterine tube?
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Cilia AND peristaltic waves
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What ligaments hold the ovaries in place?
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1. broad ligament
2. suspensory ligament 3. ovarian ligament |
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Where do the oocytes reside?
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Ovarian cortex
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Ovarian medulla
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Loose CT
Contains blood vessels, lymph vesselss, and nerves. |
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Layers of the ovary
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From outer to inner:
1. germinal epithelium 2. tunica albuginea 3. ovarian cortex 4. ovarian medulla |
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How many ova produced at birth?
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200,000
By puberty, it's down to 40,000 |
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Corpus luteum
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Produces progesterone
Develops from the follicle |
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Blood supply to the ovary?
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Aorta via suspensory ligament
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Blood supply to the uterus
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Internal iliac via cardinal ligament.
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Blood supply to the vagina
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Deep vagina, branch of uterine
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Blood supply to the perineum?
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Pudental
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What produces breast milk?
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Lobules with clusters of glandular alveoli.
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Where does milk flow from the glandular alveoli?
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To the lactiferous duct- sinus, openings on nipple (one for each lobe).
NOTE: these ducts don't develop until pregnancy. |
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Flow of milk
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1. lobe of mammary gland (lobules, alveoli)
2. progressively larger ducts 3. lactiferous duct 4. lactiferous sinus 5. nipple (opening of lactiferous duct) |
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What structures do estrogen and progesterone act on?
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1. hypothalamus
2. growth and development of glands and ducts of mammary gland. |
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About how many lobes of mammary gland per breast?
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15-20
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