Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
how revolutionary was the American Revolution-politically, socially or otherwise? what were the major areas of change and continuity?
|
-there were more democratic changes
-small property white males could vote but not run for any positions -poor people still did not have any representation -women were virtually represented by their husbands, meaning that they did not vote.. -there were eduational oppourtunities for women, and divorce laws were pervasive for women |
|
|
Was equality advanced or conditions for oppressed groups improved by the Revolution? How or how not?
|
-slaves were still slaves and that the revolutionary law did not change anything
-expansion of opportunity for women -women became teachers and there was the feme covert> which were the norms in society |
|
|
State Francise (voting ) laws, post revolutionary years
|
-states lowere te amount of land needed to vote
-some states kept the property owning requirement -Pennsylvania however eliminated owning land and that all white men could vote |
|
|
Emancipation laws (some states)
|
-mostly northern states
-the south remained the same due to economic reasons -Pennsylvania and Rhode Island banned slavery -Manumission-the Chesapeake region made it easier for slaves to be free with this law -a slave could be free by his master |
|
|
Feme Covert Doctrine
|
-female subordination and men domination
-a female's legal identity is under her husband's authority -men owned everything... women were men's property -women had no separate economic oportunities adn that men controlled everything |
|
|
"Republican Mother"
|
-Ideal mother of the time
-the mother could change the view points of their husbands and raise children to be proper citizens -women should be informed about politics and in turn teach their children -it is a civic virtue |
|
|
Judith Sergent Murray
|
-This woman was pro educational rights for women
-she was an American educator radical -women can and should learn as much as men, educational systems for men and women should be equally the same -she was the first national feminist, she wrote articles in newspapers under and man's name |
|
|
Articles of confederation
|
-the Articles of Confederation was the first constitution of the United States
-it was adopted by the second continental congress -legislative supremacy- the states had too much power -government did not have money b/c they could not tax -there were 13 independent states -states supremacy and states rights -we lacked a central government cause from the articles of confederation -national governemt cant do anythign to them, there were state sovereignty |
|
|
Northwest Ordinance or 1787
|
-admissions of new states in the lands west
-these states were not permitted to have slavery |
|
|
Unicameral vs Bicameral legislatures
|
-there was an argument in which we should have one or bicameral legislature
- |
|
|
What economic and foreign policy problems helped lead to a drive to change the articles of confederation
|
-the critical years: ther was the post-war depression and war debt in America
-businesses slowed down years following the war -commerce and merchants had problems and there were trade barriers -there were foriegn taxes on colonists who sent their things to England -English manufactures were suffering so theywere dumping goods to the Americans -the british government gave the British manufactures subsides and they had Americans buy British goods -American Manufactures were suffering because their people were buying goods from the British - |
|
|
How ever class issure ans conflicts also involved?
|
-Americans likeed to believe that they are classless countr
-economis oppourtunites and groups differed throughout America -many people were yeo-men farmers who were self sustained and that many of them were able to vote -many farmers wanted lower interest rates and wanted government to print out more money, since they were borrowing fromt he governemt. -more money printed equals lower interest charges -the insurance companies did not want more paper money because that meant inflation - |
|
|
The "Critical years 1780"
|
-in the 1780's
-there was currency change and many states had huge debts -there was chaos in the economy -there were 12 different republics -the new constitution saved the united states -there was a weak central government |
|
|
post war depression
|
-debt and inflation went up and there was a lack of a central government
-this was a cause from the independent war -the seven years war |
|
|
tariffs
|
-there were taxes on trade because the government was trying to raise money
-but since there was such a weak central government, the result of "Shay's rebellion" took place |
|
|
Shay's Rebellion -1786-1787
|
-Proved that there was a lack of central government
-This also showed that the ariticles of confederation was not working -yeo-men farmers were angry at the taxes so they tried going against the states to reduce the taxes -This happened in Massachusetts and it showed that states government were hopelessly democratic and weak -this triggered a change inthe government -congress suspended the Articles of confederation and caled all the states for a constitutional convention - |
|
|
By What process did the Constitution come about? How was it proposed and to be ratified?
|
-there was the annapolis meeting and the constitutional convention.. this showed that they wanted to have a strong central governemtn
|
|
|
What was the structure and features of this new government?
|
-there were three branches..the legislative, executive and judicial
-there were a system of separation of powers and another system of checks and balances to avoid corruption and contrsin poweres |
|
|
How democratic was it? which parts?
|
-not very democratic
-slaves poppulation were more democratic -the upper class revolution was not relaly democratic |
|
|
Annapolis meeting in 1786
|
-this was a meeting to revise the ARticles of confederation..
-only five states showed up -this was by hamilton and james madison -this was the first major step to change -congress considered this and like it because it gave the fed govt.. the power over interstate commerce and that they were able to regulate it and get money -the new national govt. suspended the articles of confeds |
|
|
Constitutional convention
|
-in philadelphia in 1787
-each state should have ones vote -and the ratification of all states needed 9 states>> 3/4s -rhode island did not attend -they made the first draft of the constitution |
|
|
Separation of powers
(checks and balances") |
-Poweres of centralized goventmen
-distribute power of governmetn to diff branches -constrained each branch from having too much power over another - |
|
|
Big vs small states
|
-virginia and new jersey
-this was about how many votes each tates could have -this shows self interest amongst the states -virginia thought it was unfair how small states could get the same votes aas the bigger states |
|
|
"GReat compromise"
|
-this was between the big states adn small states
-this was the reason why there was a bicameral in congress -divided into two parts: senate and thes house of representatives>>which was chosen in porportion to their state's population |
|
|
3/5th compromise
|
-5 slaves are considered 3 slaves
-counting slave population -slaves are property adn that masters obtians representaion -did not give blac peopel any representation politically |
|
|
Who were the Federalist and Anti-federalist
|
-federalist were politicians who were in favor of a strong central govt
-they were mainly elites and worked in commerce.. finance... big commercial agricultures.. and they dwell in urban areas -Anti-federalists were opposed s centralized government they were mostly craft workers adn yeoman farmers.. they lived in rural areas and western frontiers |
|
|
Which groups and interest mostly tended to either support or oppose ratification?
|
-rich supported the federalist and the poor supported the anti-federalists
|
|
|
Why did the federalists win the battle over ratification of the constitution?
|
They were more educated.. they had a better argument.. and because they were more rich.. they were able to release propaganda to gain public support
-they also had more connections and political experience |
|
|
Federalists
|
-George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, John Adams
-They wrote documetns and were much richer -they haev more money adn resources >>propagandas -they had more nations and political experienced and more connctiosna dn skilled |
|
|
Anti-fed
|
-they feared national goverment
-Thomas Jefferson, James Madison |
|
|
State Ratification Contests
|
-this was between the Federalist and the anti-federalist on the issue whether to have a strong centralized govt. or not
|
|
|
Yeomen farmers
|
-they were anti-feds
-they were individual independent farmers -they could vote -they were a huge population in America -they feared central government and taxes |
|
|
Bill of rights (amendments 1-10)
|
-This was in favor of the Anti-federalists
-This certified that all citizens should enjoy and were guranteed their individual rights and freeoms |
|
|
What did Ben Franklin's life and writings eeems to demonstrate about success and opportunity in 18th centruy America?
|
-
|
|
|
What underlying contemporary economic realisties supported the soundness of his advice and formula for sucess?
|
-the colony had an abundant supply of natural resources and raw material goods
-There was a lack of labor in the colonies so the demands as well as rewards were high - |
|
|
James FRanklin
|
-was a printer
-james got in trouble for printing politicla things.. and allowed benjamin to take over -he did not get along well with benjamin -jame was jealous of benjamin for being more popular |
|
|
Plan for Moral perfection
|
-1) every free time you have you should study to become better
-2) work and not play -3) Luxury is a sin |
|
|
Protestant Work Ethic
|
-Working hard will make people successful
|
|
|
Poor Richard's Almanack
|
-this was a self help book.. and was for a person to use to improve his skills
"The way to wealth" -Or poor Richard imporved" these were small tips on how tobe succesfull FAther Abraham- was the main character of this ook,. he gave tips |
|
|
What kinds of policies did the U.S. Government enact during the so called Federalist era?1
|
-enforced powers and actions
-people who wanted to pass new constitution wre pro high tariffs -started identifying as supporter of taxes -their oppinents were republicans - |
|
|
Over what issues did Federalists and REpublicans clash in the 1790s and how did political parties emerge form their conflict?
|
-taxes
-central government -supporter of policies |
|
|
How did Jefferso's Republicans win?
|
-
|
|
|
Federalist Era
|
-in the 1790s
-this was the first decade of US govt under a newly ratified constitution -activism between federal govt presidents and majority of congress took some bold actions -they enforced powers adn actions - |
|
|
John Adams
|
-was vice president of Washington
-became the president after George washington -He was a federalist - |
|
|
Alexander hamilton
|
-a Federalist, born in the west indies so he could not be president
-He was secretary of treasure -had an economic plan to reduce debt in the US govt -his opponent was james madison -supporter of the passage of the New Constitution |
|
|
Hamilton Economic plan
|
1) Federal Assumption of State's Debts
-the government combined all the debt of the states and raised the taxes to lower all the debt -there were many oppositions because some states payed off most of their debt 2) Tariffs and Other taxes -these taxes promoted manufacturing 3) National Bank -there would be a central bank that was chartered by the US |
|
|
Implied powers or Doctrine (or Broad) vs. Strict construction-
|
-Hamilton felt that there was no need for a constitution that listed word for word things on interstate commerce
-Jefferson was more on the conservative side and opposed Hamilton's idea -Jeff said that there was no doctrine stating that there could be a bank |
|
|
Democratic republicans
|
-popular style
-attracted the non elits -was founded in the 1794 -founded by James Madison -opposed the Federalists |
|
|
Democratic republican societies
|
-they were against the Federalists
- they were farmers -thomas jefferson adn James madison |
|
|
1796 Election
|
-thomas jefferson was vice president of John Adams
-John Adams had highes electoral votes over Jefferson, so Jefferson became vice president -Since the president was a federalist and the Vice president was a Republican, there was a split in the house and that no laws could pass -the 12th amendment |
|
|
1800 Election
|
-FIRST peaceful passage of political parties
-no bloodshed -Hamilton recommended Jefferson over Aaron Burr -there was a tie between the two but jefferson won -this meant that the republicans took over the house |
|
|
-12th Amendment
|
-there was now a requirement that anyone picking a president should pick their own vice president
-this was because of the 1976 election and that there was a split in the house |
|
|
Alien and Sedition Acts
|
-All newspapers republicans
-this violated the 1st amendment - |
|
|
Whiskey rebellion
|
-Western farmers in Oennsylvania were agains the FEDERAL whiskey ta
-President Washington broke the rebellion,which showed supreme powers of national Government -the whiskey take was on anyone producing alcohol/ liquor -liquor was made by yeoman farmers who opposed govt - |
|
|
What were the principles of "Jeffersonian Democracy"
|
1) mild and limited governemt
2)) States rights with minimal federal role 3) pro-agriculture over finance, commerce, and manufacture 4) PRO-common people and yeomen farmers -The majority of the US population were yeomen farmers -they liked less govt |
|
|
How fully and well did president Jefferson keep its rules?
|
-he lowered federal taxes and only repealed a few of the Hamitonian Taxes because some were actually lowering the US debt
-he was more moderate and pragmatic -he accomplished and acquired the Louisiana purchase -he cut down the size of the military.. and went after the barbary pirates -he repealed the whiskey and tariffs |
|
|
Jeffersoian Democracy
|
-Govt should represent majority
-typical american were yeomen farmers -1) mile central govt 2)states rights with minimal federal role 3)yeomen farmers and agriculture over finance and commerce and manufactureers 4)pro common people |
|
|
Laissez Faire
|
-"let alone leave alone"
-best govt policy is to leave alone, and that govt shouldnt provide tariffs -stay out of the market -this was very conservative |
|
|
Louisiana purchase 1803
|
-Thomas Jefferson was able to buy this
-Bought it from the French under Napoleon -JEfferson wanted to expand westward -this purchase went against what Jefferson believed in -He bought this for 15 million |
|
|
Marbury V. Madison
|
-Adam's Midnight appointments-the last night of Adam's Term in office, he worked rigorously to appoint the judges in court so that Jefferson wouldnt be able to
-Justice John Marshall- he was appointed by Adams and dealt with this case -Write od Mandamus- Judge has the power to get together to deal with things that are not stated in the constitution -Judicial review-courts may determine laws or decide the constitutionality of law -the supreme ct ws the highest >> implied powers |
|
|
Haitian Revolution 1790s
|
-a successful revolution against the whites on the west indies
-this conflict arose fears to the slave owners in America because it forshadowed the fate of the Americans -this was the first sucessful black revolution -they were colony of france but they broke free and became their own independent republic |
|
|
How did the US relations with great britain and france evolve from the 1790s to war of 1812
|
-it fell aparttt
|
|
|
jay's treaty
|
-solved absolutely nothing
-got people mad -failed to adresss the captured cargoes or the lost property in slaves -it granted british 18 monhs to leave american soil -called for repayment in with interest of the debts -secured limited trading rights in the west indies |
