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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Circadian Rhythm |
The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle |
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REM Sleep |
Rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur |
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Alpha Waves |
The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state |
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Delta Waves |
The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep |
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Insomnia |
Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep |
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Narcolepsy |
A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks |
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Sleep Apnea |
A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings |
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Night Terrors |
A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified |
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Manifest Content |
According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream |
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Latent Content |
According to Freud, the underlying memory of a dream |
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Catharsis |
In psychology, the idea that "releasing" aggressive energy relieves aggressive urges |
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Feel-good-do-good Phenomenon |
People's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood |
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Subjective Well-being |
Self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life |
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Stress |
The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging |
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General Adaptation Syndrome |
Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three phases - alarm, resistance, exhaustion |
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Health Psychology |
A subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine |
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Coping |
Alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods |
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Learned Helplessness |
The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events |
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Positive Psychology |
The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to flourish |
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Adaptation-Level Phenomenon |
Our tendency to form judgments relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience |
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Personality |
An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting |
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Free Association |
In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing |
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Psychoanalysis |
Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts |
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Unconscious |
According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories |
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ID |
A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive desires (Pleasure Principle) |
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Ego |
The largely conscious, "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the ID, superego, and reality (Reality Principle) |
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Superego |
The part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and for future aspirations |
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Defense Mechanisms |
In psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality |
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Repression |
In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories |
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Personality Inventory |
A questionnaire (true/false or agree/disagree) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors |
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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory |
The most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders, this test is now used for many other screening purposes |
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Self-Actualization |
According to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one's potential |
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Unconditional Positive Regard |
According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person |
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Self |
In contemporary psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions |
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Self-Efficacy |
One's sense of competence and effectiveness |
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Individualism |
Giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identification |
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Collectivism |
Giving priority to the goals of one's group and defining one's identity accordingly |
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Psychological Disorder |
A significant dysfunction in a person's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors |
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Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) |
A psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity |
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Medical Model |
The concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital |
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DSM-IV TR |
The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, with an updated "text revision", a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders |
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Anxiety Disorders |
Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety |
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Dissociative Disorders |
Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings |
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Mood Disorders |
Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes |
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Schizophrenia |
A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and behaviors |
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Personality Disorders |
Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning |
