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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Attribution : identifying causes We explain others behavior with two types of attribution |
situational attribution - factors outside the person , doing the action such as peer pressure (Maybe the driver is ill)
Dispositional attribution- the persons stable ,enduring traits, personality, ability , emotions (Crazy driver) |
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The fundamental attribution error We make this error even when we are given the correct facts |
When we go too far in assuming that a person behavior is caused by their personality |
We tend to balme the situation for our failure although we take personal credit for successes |
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ATTITUDE |
Feelings, ideas and beliefs that affect how we approach and react to other people, objects and events. |
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Persuasion |
Central route persuasion- going directly through the rational mind, influencing attitudes with evidence and logic
Peripheral route persuasion- Changing attitudes by going around the rational mind and appealing to fears, desires, associations. |
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Three social cognitive mechanism |
1. The foot in the door phenomenon
2. The effects of playing a role 3.cognitive dissonance to |
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The foot in the door phenomenon |
The tendency to be more likely to agree to a large request after first agree to a small request
Example : a person might ask you to work 5 hours a week so you can agree then ask for more so you can agree this is a way of how they can control you |
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COGNITIVE DISSONANCE - when our actions are not in harmony with our attitudes |
Cognitive dissonance theory: the observation that we tend to resolve this dissonance by changing our attitudes to fit our actions
Ie: Fiona being mad about tuition being so high but when asked to do a fun raiser she then realized maybe the school has a point |
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Conformity Refers to adjusting our behavior or thinking to fit in with a group standard |
Automatic mimicry |
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Normative social influence |
Going along with others in pursuit of social approval of belonging |
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Agression |
Behavior with the intent of harming another person |
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There mere exposure effect |
Merely seeing someone's face and name makes them more likable. |
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Three keys to a lasting love relationship |
Equity Self - disclosure Positive interaction and support |
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Altruism |
Unselfish regard for the welfare of other people |
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Bystander effect |
Fewer people help when others are available |
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Psychological Disorder |
Patterns of thoughts , feelings or actions that are deviant distressful and dysfunctional
Disorder refers to a state of mental behavioral ill health
Deviant means differing from the norm |
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Pinels new approach |
South to reform brutal treatment by promoting a new understanding of the nature of mental disorders |
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mental disorders can arise in the interaction between nature and nurture caused by biology thoughts and the sociocultural environment |
Biological , psychological , social culture influences |
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How do we classify psychological dissorders ? |
DSM , diagnostic statistic Manuel
The five axes is how the dsm suggest describing someone |
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Anxiety Disorders |
Generalized anxiety disorder Panic disorder Phobias Ocd PTSD |
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Informational Social influence |
Going along with others because their ideas and behavior make sense the evidence in our social environment changes our minds |
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GAD : Generalized Anxiety Disorder |
Include worrying having anxious feelings
Autonomic arousal , trembling sweating |
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Panic disorder |
Repeated and unexpected panic attacks as well as fear of the next attack and a change in behavior to avoid panic attacks |
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Agoraphobia & Social phobia |
The avoidance of situations in which one will fear having a panic attack
Intense fear of being watched and judged by others |
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Freud and anxiety |
He felt that anxiety stems from repressed childhood impulses socially inappropriate desires and emotional conflicts |
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Observational learning and anxiety |
If you see someone else avoiding or fearing some object or creature you might pick up that fear and adopt it even after the original scared person is not around |
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Cognition and anxiety |
Cognition includes worried thoughts as well as interpretations appraisals beliefs predictions and ruminationatuons
Cognition a includes a mental habits such as hypervigance ( persistently watching out for danger) ptsd |
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Bipolar disorder |
Manic depressive disorder
Mania refers to a period of hype elevated mood that is euphoric giddy easily irritated hyperactive |
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Schizophrenia- the mind is split from reality a split from ones thoughts so that they appear hallucinations |
Psychosis refers to aentak split from reality and rationality |
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Positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia |
Positive- hallucinations, delusions
Flat affect ( no emotions ) Cataronia |
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Dissociative disorders Dysfunctions and distress caused by chronic and severe dissociation |
Dissociation -Refers to a separation of conscious awareness from thoughts memory , bodily sensations feelings or even from identity |
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Obedience and Milgram |
What factors increased obedience Prestigious institutions Authoritative people |
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3 eating disorders |
Anorexia Bulimia Binge eating |
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Personality disorder |
Enduring patterns of social and other behavior that impair social functioning |
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Psychotherapy |
An interactive experience with a trained professional working on understanding and changing behavior thinking relationship and emotions |
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Biomedical therapy |
The use of medications and other procedures acting directly on the body to reduce the symptoms of mental disorders |
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Psychoanalysis
Refers to set of techniques for releasing the tension of repression and resolving unconscious inner conflicts
Free association - the patient speaks freely about memories Dreams , feelings
Interpretation: the therapist suggest unconscious meanings and underlying wishes to help the client gain insight and release tension |
Freud |
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Interpretation in psychoanalysis |
Resistance Dreams - latent connect Transference ( the patient may have reactions toward the therapist that are actually based on feelings toward someone from the past ) |
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Humanistic psychology ( Maslow) Emphasizes the human potential for growth, self actualization
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Humanistic therapy - attempts to support personal growth by helping people gain self awareness and self acceptance |
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Humanistic vs psychoanalytic therapy |
Humanistic personal growth
Psychoanalytic - the past unconscious cure mental illness |
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Behavior therapy |
Uses principle of learning |
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Counter conditioning |
Refers to linking new positive responses to previously aversive stimuli |
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Social Loafing |
The tendency of people in a group to show less effort when not held individually accountable |
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Operant conditioning therapy |
Shaping of chosen behavior in respond to the consequences of the behavior
Helping a person do one Behavior into doing a better behavior that is rewarded |
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Cognitive Therapy |
Helps people alter the negative thinking that worsens depression and anxiety |
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Aaron becks therapy for depeession |
Becks style of therapy helps clients notice and challenge these errors in thinking |
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Cognitive behavior therapy |
Works to chance both cognitions and behaviors that are part of a mental health disorder |
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3 therapy groups |
Family therapy Group therapy Self help groups |
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Eye movement desensitization |
The therapist Attemps to unlock and reprocess previous frozen traumatic memories |
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Light exposure therapy |
Treats symptoms of seasonal affective disorder |
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Bio medical therapies |
Physically changing the brains functioning by altering its chemistry with medications or affecting its circuitry with electrical or magnetic impulses or surgery |
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Psychopharmacology |
Refers to the study of drug effects on behavior , mood, and the mind |
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Psychosurgery |
A lobotomy destroys the connections between the frontal lobes and the rest of the brain
Microsurgery Might work by disrupting problematic neural networks |
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prejudice Discrimination Stereotypes |
prejudice- an unjustified attitude toward a group and its members
Discrimination- unjustified behavior selectively applied to members of a group
Stereotypes- a generalized belief about a group applied to every member of a group |
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Social inequality |
When some groups have fewer resources and opportunities than others |
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In group bias |
Part of our natural drive to belong to a group leads to ( favoring ones own group ) |
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Scapegoat theory |
The observation that when bad things happen , prejudice offers an outlet for anger by finding someone to blame |
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The just world fallacy |
Believing that justice generally happens that people get the benefits and punishment and punishment they deserve |
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Confirmation bias
Hindsight bias |
We are not likely to look for countere examples to our stereotypes
They should known better - blames victims for misfortunes |
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