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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Critical Period
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time during which certain experiences must occur for normal development
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ex. cats who had one eye sown shut for first 12 weeks of life then after the eye was un-sown found that, that part of occipital lobe wasn't fully formed
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Sensitive Period
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time period during which specific skills develop most easily
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Imprinting
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permanently attach to someone as if parent even if their not, follow person/animal around
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ex. baby geese do this to any adult (goose or otherwise)
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Harlow`s monkeys
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raised Reese`s monkeys in isolation with two surrogate mothers
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wanted to prove that a baby isn't just attached to mother for food, research showed that touch is important for development, early experiences shape who we are as adults
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Strange Situation
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evaluates child's behavior when child & care giver are together, when care giver leaves & when care giver returns
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Secure Attachment
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distressed when parent leaves & quickly comforted when parent returns
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uses parent as base of exploration & child mashed eye contact & interacts with parent
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Avoidant Attachment
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doesn't stay near parent or interact with parent
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May or may not cry when parent leaves & doesn't show happiness when parent returns
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Anxious Attachment
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fluctuates between happy & angry toward parent
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clings to parent when they leave or returns & cries when parent leave & not easily comforted when parent returns
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Disorganized Attachment
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infant shows more fear than affection
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doesn't seem to notice parent & has inconsistent behavior toward parent
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Vision
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adult level at 1 yr of age & spend more time looking at upright human faces
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able to remember faces at 6 yrs of age
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Preferential looking task
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what kids prefer to look at
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children see bold colors & contrast best & research method that teaches babies that if they suck at a certain pace that they will get milk
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Hearing
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develops faster than vision, adult level at 6 months & has critical periods for different language sounds, only notice differences in native language
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if baby sucks fast they will hear mothers voice or modify it to slow if that's what it takes to hear
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Piaget`s Stages of Cognitive Development
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kids have different ways of thinking
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Schemas |
cognitive structure for organizing & understanding info |
classroom structure, adults are based on knowledge |
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Assimilation |
When new experience is placed into an existing schema |
children force it into what they already know or suck on toy trying to get milk |
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Accommodation |
changing or creating schemas to fit new experiences |
child learns that sucking on a toy won't give them milk |
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Sensorimotor |
(birth-2yrs), Info about world is acquired through the senses, begins to act intentionally |
recognizes self as an agent of action |
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Object permanence |
understanding that an object will continue to exist even when it can't be seen |
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Preoperational |
2-6 yrs, learn to think symbolically about objects & language develops, thought based on appearance, not logical understanding, don't know conversation |
love pretend play |
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Concrete Operational |
6-11 yrs, thinking logically about concrete events, understands conservation of numbers, mass & weight, no abstract hypothetical concepts |
ability to perform mathematical transformations & reverse operations |
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Formal Operational |
12+, can think logically about abstract concepts & can test hypotheses systematically |
concerned with hypothetical, the future & ideological problems, capacity for moral reasoning |
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Challenges to Piaget`s Theory |
1. children can transition back & forth through stages not just one at a time 2. show abilities much younger than Piaget thought 3. stare longer at things that interest them |
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Theory of Mind |
ability to explain & predict other people's behavior by recognizing their mental state |
allows us to live/cooperate with other people, driving, deficient in people with autism |
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False belief test |
how scientists test if children understand that other people have thought & knowledge |
3-4: answers incorrectly & 4.5-6: answers correctly |
