Exam 3

Front 1

Chondrichthyes

Back 1

Cartilaginous Fishes

Front 2

Holocephali

Back 2

Chimaeras or ratfish

Front 3

Elasmobranchii

Back 3

LANDSHARKS! Skates, and rays

Front 4

Oviparous

Back 4

Egg laying with little or no embryonic development in female

Front 5

Ovoviparious

Back 5

Eggs retained inside female until ready to hatch, no placental connection to female

Front 6

Viviparous

Back 6

Offspring live-born and connected to female via umbilicus throughout

Front 7

Heterocercal tail

Back 7

Caudal fin in which the dorsal lobe is longer than the ventral

Front 8

Spiracles

Back 8

Bring water to gills in LANDSHARKS

Front 9

Sarcopterygii

Back 9

Coelacanths

Front 10

Actinopterygii

Back 10

Ray-finned fishes

Front 11

Chondrostei

Back 11

Marine Sturgeons

Front 12

Ganoid Scales

Back 12

Thick, heavy scales that give fish armored appearance

Front 13

Neopterygii

Back 13

Most gilled fishes

Front 14

Homocercal tail

Back 14

Tails with dorsal and ventral flanges nearly equal in size, vertebral column usually does not continue into tail

Front 15

Cycloid/Ctenoid scales

Back 15

Thinner and more flexible scales, less cumbersome for active swimmers

Front 16

Fusiform body

Back 16

Streamlined shape with very high and narrow tail (normal fish)

Front 17

Laterally compressed or deep bodied

Back 17

Flattened sideways, allows navigation through complex habitats, DORY!!!! Or a butterflyfish

Front 18

Depressed/flattened bodies

Back 18

Flattened on top, Stunfisk

Front 19

Elongated

Back 19

Long, snakelike bodies, absent or reduced pelvic and pectoral fins (Flotsam and Jetsam)

Front 20

Chromoatophores

Back 20

Where pigments for fish coloration are found

Front 21

Structural colors

Back 21

Colors produced by light reflecting from crystals located in specialized chromatophores

Front 22

Tridophores

Back 22

Chromatophores used to produce structural colors

Front 23

Disruptive coloration

Back 23

Background color of body usually interrupted by vertical lines, possibly eye spot in tail area

Front 24

Poster colors

Back 24

Bright, showy color patterns

Front 25

Cryptic coloration

Back 25

Camouflage

Front 26

Trunk musclesq

Back 26

How fish propel through the water for swimming

Front 27

Obliterative countershading

Back 27

Dark above light below in pelagic fishes (or penguins!)

Front 28

Gill filaments

Back 28

Highly vascularized, rod-like structures which compose the gills

Front 29

Countercurrent multiplier system

Back 29

Blood flows in opposite direction from the incoming water, maintaining stable gradient that favors diffusion of O2 in and CO2 out of body

Front 30

Ram ventilation

Back 30

Very active fish swimming forward at high speeds with mouth open to get oxygen from water

Front 31

Gill pumps

Back 31

How most ray-finned fishes ventilate gills

Front 32

Osmoregulation

Back 32

Process by which organisms maintain proper concentration of solutes and water in body fluids

Front 33

Homeothermic

Back 33

Maintain constant body temperature (birds and mammals)

Front 34

Salt glands

Back 34

Glands above eyes in sea birds to remove excess salt

Front 35

Haematopodidae

Back 35

Oystercatchers

Front 36

Charadriidae

Back 36

Plovers and Turnstones

Front 37

Scolopacidae

Back 37

Sandpipers and Curlews

Front 38

Recurvirostridae

Back 38

Avocets and Stilts

Front 39

Aredeidae

Back 39

Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Front 40

Laridae

Back 40

Gulls and their relatives (Terns, skuas, jaeger birds, skimmers, and alcids)

Front 41

Alcidae

Back 41

PUFFINS!!, auks, and murres

Front 42

Pelecaniformes

Back 42

Pelicans, gannets, boobies, cormorants, darters, frigatebirds, tropicbirds

Front 43

Pelecanidae

Back 43

Pelicans

Front 44

Gular pouch

Back 44

Sac of skin in pelicans that hangs between flexible pones of lower mandible

Front 45

Frigatidae

Back 45

Frigate birds

Front 46

Procellariiformes

Back 46

Tubenoses (Albatrosses, petrels, shearwaters

Front 47

Diomedeidae

Back 47

Albatrosses

Front 48

Hyrdobatidae

Back 48

Petrels

Front 49

Spehnisciformes

Back 49

HAVE YOU EVER SEEN A PENGUIN COME TO TEA?

Front 50

Amniotic egg

Back 50

Egg covered by protective shell and contains amnion

Front 51

Amnion

Back 51

Liquid filled sac in which embryo develops

Front 52

Yolk sac

Back 52

Sac where yolk (food) is stored

Front 53

Allantois

Back 53

Sac where waste is disposed and stored

Front 54

Chorion

Back 54

Membrane lining inside of shell that provides surface for gas exchange during development

Front 55

Carapace

Back 55

Dorsal surface of shell

Front 56

Plastron

Back 56

Ventral surface of shell

Front 57

Mammory glands

Back 57

Special glands in females that secrete milk

Front 58

Placenta

Back 58

Organ present only during pregnancy that sustains development

Front 59

Ursus maritimus

Back 59

Polar bear

Front 60

Pinnipeds

Back 60

Sea lions, seals, and walruses

Front 61

Otariidae

Back 61

Eared Seals

Front 62

Phocidae

Back 62

True seals

Front 63

Odobenidae

Back 63

Walri

Front 64

Sirens

Back 64

THEY'RE NOT MERMAIDS, THEY'RE DUGONGS!!!!! (And also manatees)

Front 65

Cetaceans

Back 65

Whales and relatives

Front 66

Blowhole

Back 66

Nostril at top of head

Front 67

Countercurrent circulatory system

Back 67

Cold blood directed to uninsulated flipper to conserve heat

Front 68

Spyhopping

Back 68

Fluke used to push whale partially out of water, position maintained with buoyancy control and positioning of pectorals fins and tail flukes

Front 69

Breaching

Back 69

HUMPBACK WHALE! MUAAAAAAAHHHHHHHHH!!!!!

Front 70

Tail slapping

Back 70

Slap tail on surface to mark position and interpreted as aggressive

Front 71

Head lunge

Back 71

Breaking surface and falling forward, not backwards

Front 72

Tail cocking

Back 72

Cocking tail in air and bringing it down on opponent

Front 73

Peduncle slap

Back 73

Swinging rear portion of body out of water and dropping it down sideways on water surface or another whale

Front 74

Tail slashing/swishing

Back 74

Moving tail side to side across water surface to create turbulence

Front 75

Flipper flapping

Back 75

Rolling over on back and flapping flippers in air

Front 76

Pectoral stroking

Back 76

Stroking body of another whale using pectoral fins

Front 77

Mysticeli

Back 77

Baleen whales

Front 78

Odontoceti

Back 78

Toothed whales

Front 79

Blaaenidae

Back 79

Right whales and bowhead whales

Front 80

Balenopteridae

Back 80

Rorquals (HUMPBACK WHALES!!!! Blue whales, fin whales)

Front 81

Monodontidae

Back 81

Belugas and NARWHALS, NARWHALS SWIMMING IN THE OCEAN

Front 82

Phocaenidae

Back 82

Porpoises

Front 83

Delphinidae

Back 83

Dolphins

Front 84

Intertidal zone

Back 84

Flooded at high tide, dry at low tide

Front 85

Zonations

Back 85

Separation of organisms into prominent horizontal bands defined by color or distribution of organisms

Front 86

Tide pools

Back 86

Depressions in rocks that retain water during low tide

Front 87

Embayments

Back 87

Coastal areas where portions of the ocean are partially cut off from the rest of the sea, river mouths, or deltas

Front 88

Coastal plain

Back 88

Forms between glacial periods when melting glaciers raise the sea level and flood coastal plains and low lying rivers

Front 89

Tectonic estuary

Back 89

Forms when and earthquakes causes the land to sink, allowing seawater to cover it

Front 90

Fjord

Back 90

Estuary formed when a deep valley cut into the coast by retreating glaciers fills with water (Or gets frozen by a newly coronated queen)

Front 91

Tidal flat

Back 91

Delta formed in upper part of a river mouth by accumulated sediments which divide and shorten an estuary

Front 92

Tidal overmixing

Back 92

Seawater at the surface moves upstream more quickly, denser seawater at the surface sinks as lighter freshwater beneath it rises, creating a mixing action

Front 93

Positive Estuary

Back 93

Influx of fresh water from river more than replaces amount of water lost

Front 94

Negative estuary

Back 94

Lose more water through evaporation,in hot, arid regions

Front 95

Salt-wedge estuary

Back 95

Sharp divide between fresh and salt water boundaries in estuaries

Front 96

Osmoregulators

Back 96

Animals that maintain an optimal salt concentration in their tissues, regardless of the salt content of the environment