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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kuiper belt |
icy leftovers from the solar system formation |
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Oorot cloud |
icy planetesimals "ejected" by Jovian Planets |
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How many planets have been discovered? |
1,760 |
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Indirect methods of detection |
astrometric technique
doppler technique
transit method |
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Doppler technique |
can discover planets by star's changing Doppler shifts in it's spectrum |
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Astrometric technique |
measure position of stars precisely |
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Transit method |
searches for transits and eclipses by carefully monitoring a star system's brightness over an extended period of time |
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Fission |
splits a nucleus into smaller nuclei |
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Fusion |
combines smaller nuclei into a larger nucleus |
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Most fundamental properties of stars |
1. mass 2. luminosity 3. surface temperature |
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Spectral types hottest-coolest |
OBAFGKM
(Sun = G2 spec type) |
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Molecular clouds |
colder, denser than most other interstellar clouds |
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Globular clusters (old) |
kept together with gravity |
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Open clusters (young) |
fewer stars, not big enough clouds |
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Main sequence star |
fusion only in core because only area dense enough & temperature |
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Helium fusion |
if the core reaches 100 million K, helium nuclei begins to fuse |
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Transit |
planet passes in front of star |
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eclipse |
planet passes behind the star |
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Asteroid belt location |
between orbits of Mars & Jupiter |
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Kuiper belt location |
from about the orbit of Neptune to about twice Neptune's distance from the Sun |
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What does the length of a comet's tail depend on? |
distance from the Sun
longer when closer; shorter when farther |
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What does a comet form after entering from inner solar system from afar? |
a coma and some time later form a tail |
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Smallest - largest Doppler shift |
in order of increasing velocity because larger Doppler shifts mean larger velocity |
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Shortest - longest amount of time extrasolar planet orbiting each star completes one orbit |
same amount of days = all the same time |
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Smallest - largest mass of extrasolar planets |
graphs ranked in order of velocity because more massive planets exert larger force on its companion star & therefore cause it to orbit center of mass with greater velocity |
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What can be inferred from a star's orbital period? |
the planet's orbital radius |
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How do you determines a planet's mass from the star's velocity curve? |
measuring both the star's orbital period and it's change in velocity over the orbit |
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Shorter orbital period |
planet closer to star |
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Luminosity |
total amount of power that a star radiates into space |
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What conditions make fusion possible? |
extremely high temperature and high density |
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Giants/Supergiants |
stars in the upper-right part of the H-R diagram |
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White dwarfs |
stars in the lower-left part of the H-R diagram |
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Sequence of a low-mass star |
cloud of gas/dust > protostar > main-sequence(G) >red giant > planetary nebula > white dwarf |
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Sequence of a high-mass star |
contracting cloud of gas/dust > protostar > main sequence(D) > red supergiant > supernova > neutron star |
