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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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classical conditioning
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involuntary and based upon association
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pavlos studies
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used dogs to associate certain sounds with salivating
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operant conditioning
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voluntary behavior, form of learning in which the consequences of behavior produce changes in the probability of the behavior.
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positive reinforcement
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something pleasureable is the consequence
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negative reinforcement
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something that is unwanted is removed from the situation
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punishment
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decreases the behavior
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is corporal punishment an effective way to change a behavior?
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no because it can cause alot of anxiety, can cause phsyical harm, and it takes away a teachable moment.
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observational learning
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a person observs and imitates someone elses behavior
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albert banduras studies
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said that tv may not always be good for children because they may mimmic the bad things they see on tv such as violence
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insight learning
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organisms develop a sudden insight of a problems solution (aha! momemnt)
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short term memory
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maximum of 30 seconds, info starts to fade after 12, used most often, storage capacity is 7+-2 (can contain 7 pieces of info.)
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long term memory
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lasts a life time, no limit on space
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motivation
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a person can remember things if they are highly motivated
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rehersal
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repeating info to remember
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chunking
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grouping info to be learned in chunks to facilitate memory
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encoding
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transforming info into a memory system, linking new info to old info
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3 basic measures of memory
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recall, recognition, and relearning
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recall
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ask a student to reproduce something without clues
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recognition
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person is asked to identify something
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relearning
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someones asked to relearn something they once knew
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ways to improve recall
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properly code and store info as youre learning it, return to the situation in which the info was originally stored (physical/mental), and use all senses
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proactive interference
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new learning suffers because of old learning
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retroactive interference
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old learning suffers because of new
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transient global amnesia
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recurring attacks of forgetting
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retrograde amnesia
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caused by a blow to the head, lose memory from before the accident
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korsakoffs syndrome
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lose ability to transfer new info into long term memory (alcohol)
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alsheimers disease
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#1 cause of demensia, severe memory loss
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4 stages of cognitive development
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sensory motor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational.
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sensory-motor
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things still exist when out of sight, self recognition
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preoperational
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fantasy play, symbolic gestures, egocentrism, and repersentational though
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concrete-operational
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conservation, complex classification
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formal-operational
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abstract and hypothetical though
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trust vs mistrust
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(0-1) developing a sense that the world is safe and good
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autonomy vs shame and doubt
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(1-3) relizing that you are an independent person and you can make your own decisions
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initiative vs guilt
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(3-6) develop a willingness to try new things and accept failure
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industry vs inferiority
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(6-adolecence) learning basic skills and to cooperate with others
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identity vs role confusion
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(adolescence) developing a sense of inner self.
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intimacy vs stagnation
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(young adulthood) establishing ties to another in a trusting, loving relationship
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generativity vs stagnation
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(middle adulthood) finding meaning in career, family, and community through productive work.
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ego integrity vs despair
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(late life) viewing ones life as satisfactory and worth living
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biological
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your body needs the food when hungry
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physiological
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the feeling of when you are hungry which will go away over time even if you havent eaten
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