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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Social Stratification
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-The division of society into layers based on some attribute (religious status, birth position, gender)
-Unequal access to resources |
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Social Class Stratification
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Social ranking based primarily on economic position where achieved characteristics can influence your position
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Mean Household Income shows that..
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There is significant income inequality in the U.S.
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Wealth
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-Total assets you own (house, art, jewelry)
-If paying off a loan, you might have negative wealth -Wealth inequality is greater than income inequality |
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Why is wealth powerful?
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-can be transmitted over generations
-affects your position in social class structure -born into it -increases over time |
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Ehrenreich's unexpected difficulties:
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-Earn money to make money
-Managers treated her like crap -Emotional labor |
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What is the Reading Terminal Market?
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Composed of numerous shops, restaurants and kiosks that offer an array of goods and services in Center City Philadelphia
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What characteristics helped the Reading Terminal Market change the way people interact?
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-In a highly diverse setting
-All ethnic groups are present but not equally represented -There are diverse working conditions (whites work for blacks, etc) |
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Cosmopolitan Canopy
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Tensions only remain on an individual level. Diverse people get along.
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The "Mommy Tax"
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The money lost due to motherhood
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Why is there a mommy tax?
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-women cant expect to have maternity leave and return back to the same job at the same pay.
-women are generally in charge of the "private sphere" -dads have "daddy bonus" |
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In the context of this article, what does it mean to say that work has become home and home has become work? How does gender matter?
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-New Management techniques transformed the workplace into a more appreciative, personal sort of social world
-at home divorce rates have increased and emotional demands are more complex |
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What three strategies do participants report using in order to deal with the time bind that has arisen from the role conflict?
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-They develop their "potential selves"
-They buy themselves out of it -Emotionally downsize life |
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What does it mean to say that marriage is becoming desinstitutionalized?
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-Becoming less of a norm to get married.
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What evidence does Cherlin give to support his claim that American marriage has been deinstitutionalized?
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-Changing divison of labor
-Child bearing outside of marriage -Cohabitation -Gay marriage |
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Does Cherlin argue that marriage is decreasing in importance for U.S. society? Explain.
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No, just less popular and not the norm
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Describe the state of racial segregation in public schools in the U.S.
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-More today than during Brown vs. Board of Ed.
-Unfair funding while looking at inner city schools vs suburb schools |
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What are the attitudes of some middle-class and upper-class citizens regarding funding marginalized schools at a higher level? Do you agree or disagree with these attitudes?
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-High class people say that even though low class people say that they get unequal funding, high class people pay a lot of money for their education so its not necessarily the governments doing.
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Describe the conditions of schools Kozol talks about in this piece
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Insufficient resources that are necessary in a safe environment
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What is a legitimating rationale?
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Widely accepted beliefs that something is fair and just
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How did Marx conceptualize class? How did Weber conceptualize class?
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Marx: economics determines your class
Weber: Multi-dimensional influences |
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What is a social status? According to Weber, why is it important to consider one’s social status and not just their income? Provide an example that illustrates why this is important.
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-Amount of social honor one is ascribed in society
-Social status reflects the way youre treated and income is solely monetary |
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Life chances affected by wealth
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-Health: access to health care, physical enviro.
-Education: which school and level of ed -Work: amnt of hours and pay restrictions -Crime/Justice: poor= more likely to be arrested for crime |
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The Gini Coefficient
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-Way of measuring how much inequality exists. The higher the coefficient, the greater the inequality
-0 to 1. Uses decimals |
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Prejudice vs. Stereotypes
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Prej: prejudgment/ misjudgment based on prior experience
Stereo: oversimplified, generalized images of a group. Categorizes members of a group with having specific set of characteristics. No difference w individuals -Prejudice is sustained by stereotypes |
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Institutional Discrimination
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denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals.
-i.e.height restrictions |
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racism vs race-based discrimination
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-isms= acts of discrimination at an institutional level.
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2 reasons why americans dont see inequality as a problem
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1) we dont understand the magnitutde of inequality
2) were socialized to excuse it |
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American Dream
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1) You can get ahead if you try
2) Success is possible for anyone 3) Success is achieved through hard work 4) Success is associated with virtue |
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7 Factors that affect social class mobility
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1) Emotional labor
2) Race, ethnicity, gender, structural mobility 3) Depth of American poverty 4) Education (shaped by social class) 5) Healthcare (access) 6) Social Capital (social networks that influence interests) 7) Cultural Capital (tastes, attitudes) |
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Meritocracy
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System in which the talented are chosen and move ahead on the basis of their achievment
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Race
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-group of people that share biological, physical differences
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Ethnicity
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-Shared cultural heritage
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Thomas Theorum
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If we define something as real, it is real in their consequences
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Devah Pager's Study
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Who got a call back after being a part of the Criminal Justice System. How race was exposed as an influence
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Disenfranchisment
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Restrictions on voting after part of C.J.S.
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