Exam 3

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binary fission

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chromatin

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homologous chromosomes

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sister chromatids

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20

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16

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g1

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cytokenesis

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S

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interphase

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Metaphase

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Anaphase

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telophase

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prophase

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the nucleolous disappears

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prometaphase

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Animal cells typically achieve cytokenesis by

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p53

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Edouard van Beneden proposed that an egg and a sperm, each containing half the complement of chromosomes found in somatic cells, fuse to produce a single cell called a(n) ________.

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zygote

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The process of nuclear division which reduces the number of chromosomes per cell from 2 sets to 1 set, is called ________.

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Meiosis

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What type of cells contain only one set of chromosomes?

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haploid

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Homologous chromosomes pair along their length during prophase I of meiosis. While two homologues are paired, genetic exchange may occur between them in a process called ________.

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crossing over

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Compared to asexual reproduction, the main advantage of sexual reproduction is that it

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increases the genetic diversity of the offspring.

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Evidence of crossing over can often be seen under the light microscope as a structure called a ________.

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chiasma

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Diploid organisms use meiosis to produce haploid cells. Meiosis consists of how many rounds of nuclear division?

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2

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The pairing of chromosomes along their lengths, which is essential for crossing over, is referred to as

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synapsis

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The point of connection between two sister chromatids, before anaphase II of meiosis separates them, is called the

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centromere

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What process produces new cells that are genetically identical to the original cell?

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mitosis

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The synaptonemal complex is

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a network of proteins that holds homologues together.

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Which best describes the process of independent assortment?

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The way one pair of homologues lines up along the metaphase plate does not affect how any other pair lines up.

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In plants and animals, the zygote develops into an embryo by what process?

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mitosis

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One of a pair of chromosomes with similar genetic information and from different sources like the sperm and egg.

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homologue

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You are studying meiosis in an organism where 2n=24. How many chromosomes will each nucleus have after meiosis II is complete?

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12

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When do homologous chromosomes separate from each other during meiosis?

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anaphase 1

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In 95% of cases of Down's syndrome, there is one extra chromosome (number 21) in every cell. This aneuploid condition is most likely the result of

In 95% of cases of Down's syndrome, there is one extra chromosome (number 21) in every cell. This aneuploid condition is most likely the result of

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failure of 1 homologous pair to segregate during meiosis.

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The most common form of gene therapy involves inserting a normal gene into cells that contain a defective version of the gene. In order to use gene therapy to prevent a man from passing a defective gene on to future generations, you should try to insert normal copies of the gene into

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germ-line cells.

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Meiosis results in a reassortment of maternal chromosomes (inherited from the mother) and paternal chromosomes (inherited from the father.) If n=4 for a given species, and ignoring the effects of crossing over, what is the probability that a gamete will receive only paternal chromosomes?

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1/16

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A cell in G2 before meiosis begins, compared with one of the four cells produced at the end of meiosis II, has

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four times as much DNA and twice as many chromosomes.