Exam 2: Vocabulary

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High Renaissance

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-the period referencing the peak of the visual arts in the Italian Renaissance.

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Counter-Reformation

Back 2

-aka:Catholic Revival or Catholic Reformation

-Response to the Protestant Reformation.

Church of Gesu:

Active during both the Catholic and Protestant Reformations

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Allegory

Back 3

-a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning

-Typically a moral or political one.

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Pietà

Back 4

-is a subject in Christian art depicting the Virgin Mary cradling the dead body of Jesus

-most often found in sculpture

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Château

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-a manor house or residence of the lord of the manor

-a country house of nobility or gentry

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Chiaroscuro

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: the treatment of light and shade in drawing and painting.

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Sfumato

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-1 of 4 canonical painting modes of the Renaissance.

-Sfumato comes from the Italian "sfumare", “to tone down” or “to evaporate like smoke”.

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Ignudi

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-phrase coined by Michelangelo to describe the 20 seated male nudes he incorporated into the Sistine Chapel ceiling frescoes

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Cartoon

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-Full-sized preliminary drawing that will later be used in creating frescoes, tapestry, etc.

-Large in size with cast details

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trompe l'oeil

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-French meaning "fools the eye"

- Technique that uses realistic imagery to create the optical illusion seems to be 3-dimensional

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hemicycle

Back 11

: is a term for a semicircular, or horseshoe shaped, debating chamber (plenary chamber) where deputies (members) sit to discuss and pass legislation

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Woodcut

Back 12

-relief printing artistic technique in printmaking
-image is carved into the surface of a block of wood, with the printing parts remaining level with the surface while the non-printing parts are removed, typically with gouges.

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Engraving

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-practice of incising a design onto a hard, usually flat surface, by cutting grooves into it.

- Artist: Durer was able to master techniques such as: woodcut, wood engraving, etching, and engraving

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Oil glaze

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-the simplest form of a glaze
-thin, oily, transparent layer of paint spread over the top of an opaque passage

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Italian Mannerism

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-(1520-1580) period of European art that emerged in the later years of the Italian High Renaissance.
-encompasses a variety of approaches influenced by, and reacting to, the HARMONIOUS ideals

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Protestant Reformation

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-major 16th century European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church

-initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin, and other early Protestant Reformers

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Poises

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--a term Titian used to describe the ambitious series of large-scale mythological paintings
--Inspired by the Roman poet Ovid’s epic poem ‘Metamorphoses’
--Titian considered the works as visual equivalents of poetry.

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Stucco

Back 18

--material made of an aggregate, a binder, and water
--applied wet and hardens to a very dense solid
--used as decorative coating for walls and ceilings and as a sculptural and artistic material in architecture

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Pediment

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--the triangular upper part of the front of a building in classical style
--typically surmounting a portico of columns.

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Lantern

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--Roof lanterns of masonry and
glass were used in Renaissance architecture, such as in principal cathedrals

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Predella

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--the platform or step on which an altar stands

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Grisaille

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--a term for painting executed entirely in monochrome or near-monochrome
--usually in shades of grey

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iconoclasm

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--The Protestant Reformation induced iconoclasm, or the DESTRUCTION of religious imagery.
--All forms of Protestantism showed a degree of hostility to religious images, as idolatry, especially sculpture and large paintings

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Inquisition

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--A group of institutions within the judicial system of the Roman Catholic Church
--aim is to combat heresy.

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Tondo

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--Renaissance term for a circular work of art, either a painting or a sculpture

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Blind windows

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--architectural features that are shaped like windows but which have no openings or translucent/transparent parts

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Plaster

Back 27

-- A soft mixture of lime with sand or cement and water
--used to spread on walls, ceilings, or other structures
--forms a smooth hard surface when dried.