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131 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Macule
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small, flat, discolored spot, up to 1 cm; freckles, petechia, roseola
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Patch
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flat, discolored spot, 1 cm or more; freckles, petechia
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Papule
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elevated nevus up to 1 cm; prickly heat, psoriasis, eczema
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Plaque
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elevated superficial 1 cm or more; coalescence of papules
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Nodule
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marble-like, deep and firm, greater than 0.5 cm
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Wheal
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irregular skin edema; mosquito bite, hives
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Vesicle
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up to 1 cm, filled with serous fluid; herpes simplex
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Bulla
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1 cm or more with serous fluid; second degree burn
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Pustule
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filled with pus; acne or impetigo
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Erosion
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loss of superficial epidermis, moist, no bleeding; after vesicle erupts, chicken pox, ulcer of venous insufficiency, syphilitic chancre
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Ulcer
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loss of epidermis and dermis, may bleed and scar; bed sores, diabetic
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Scale
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thin flake of exfoliated epidermis; psoriasis, dandruff, dry skin
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Fissure
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linear crack in skin; athlete's foot
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Nevi
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round, flat to elevated; mole
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Lichenification
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thickening and roughening of skin, increased visibility of skin furrows; atopic dermatitis
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Atrophy
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thinning of skin, shiny and transluscent; arterial insufficiency
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Excoriation
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abrasion or scratch
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Comedo
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blackhead (open or closed)
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Telangiectasis
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dilated small red or blue vessels; hereditary, spider veins
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Urticaria
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swollen, raised, extremely itchy areas of skin; allergy, hives, angioedema
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Keloid
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firm, nodular, hypertrophic mass of scar tissue; site of injury or incision
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Jaundice
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yellow staining of skin due to high levels of billirubin; gall stones, tumors, hepatitis B
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Carotenemia
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carotene in the blood characterized by yellowing of the skin; lack of yellow discoloration of the conjunctivae; high intake of carotene
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Acrocyanosis
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cyanosis of the extremities; vasomotor disturbances
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Cyanosis
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slightly bluish color of the skin; abnormal amts of reduced hgb in the blood; may not appear in pts with severe anemia because not enough reduced hgb present to cause the blue color to be visible; deficiency of oxygen or excess of carbon dioxide
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Circumoral Cyanosis
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cyanosis encircling the mouth
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Pallor
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lack of color, paleness; anemia
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Purpura
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hemorrhages into the skin, mucous membranes, internal organs and other tissues; red to purple to brownish-yellow and disappearing in 2-3 weeks; areas of discoloration do not disappear under pressure; allergies, idiopathic thrombocytopenia
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Petechia
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small, purplish, hemorrhagic spots on the skin that appear in certain severe fevers and are indicative of great prostration, as in typhus; abnormality of blood-clotting mechanism; red spots from bite of flea
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Ecchmosis
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large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic areas; blue-black to greenish brown or yellow; bruising
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cafe-au-lait spot
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pale brown areas of increased melanin in the skin with irregular borders; appear in infancy and tend to disappear with age; neurofibromatosis
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Herald patch
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a lolitary oval patch of scaly skin that appears days before the general eruption of pityriasis rosea; may be mistaken for tinea corpis
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Target lesion
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lesion with 3 zones of color; dark center surrounded by zone of lighter color that is rimmed with thin area of erythema; usually on alms and soles; diagnotic leion of erythema
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hot tub folliculitis
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inflammation of follicle or follicles caused by staphylococci and usually affects males; permanent loss of hair in affected area
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tinea versicolor
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fungal infection of skin producing branny patches that are yellow or fawn-colored
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vitiligo
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milk-white patches, surrounded by areas of normal pigmentation; tropics and blacks; cause unknown
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alopecia
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loss of hair, especially on head; etiol: physiologic changes as a part of the aging process; effects of serious illness; drugs; endocrine disorders; certain forms of dermatitis; hereditary factors; radiation
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paronychia
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acute or chronic infection of marginal structures about the nail; trauma and infection
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onycholysis
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loosening or detachment of the nail from the nailbed
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Terry's nails
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mostly whittish with distal band of reddish brown; assoc with aging & chronic disease(cirrhosis, CHF, NIDDM)
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leukonychia
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white spots or streaks on the nails; trauma
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Mee's lines
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transverse white lines that appear above the lunula of the fingernails about 5 weeks after exposure to arsenic or acute/severe illness
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Beau's lines
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white depressed lines across the fingernails, usually a sign of systemic disease; trauma, coronary occlusion, hypercalcemia, skin disease
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clubbing
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lateral and longitudinal curvature of the nails accompanied by soft tissue enlargement, presenting a bulbous, shiny appearance; lung diseases, infective endocarditis, steatorrhea and occasionally familial
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spooning or koilonychias
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nails that are thin and concave with raised edges; assoc with iron-deficiency anemia
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cafe-au-lait spot
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pale brown areas of increased melanin in the skin with irregular borders; appear in infancy and tend to disappear with age; neurofibromatosis
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Herald patch
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a lolitary oval patch of scaly skin that appears days before the general eruption of pityriasis rosea; may be mistaken for tinea corpis
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Target lesion
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lesion with 3 zones of color; dark center surrounded by zone of lighter color that is rimmed with thin area of erythema; usually on alms and soles; diagnotic leion of erythema
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hot tub folliculitis
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inflammation of follicle or follicles caused by staphylococci and usually affects males; permanent loss of hair in affected area
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tinea versicolor
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fungal infection of skin producing branny patches that are yellow or fawn-colored
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vitiligo
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milk-white patches, surrounded by areas of normal pigmentation; tropics and blacks; cause unknown
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alopecia
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loss of hair, especially on head; etiol: physiologic changes as a part of the aging process; effects of serious illness; drugs; endocrine disorders; certain forms of dermatitis; hereditary factors; radiation
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paronychia
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acute or chronic infection of marginal structures about the nail; trauma and infection
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onycholysis
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loosening or detachment of the nail from the nailbed
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Terry's nails
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mostly whittish with distal band of reddish brown; assoc with aging & chronic disease(cirrhosis, CHF, NIDDM)
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leukonychia
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white spots or streaks on the nails; trauma
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Mee's lines
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transverse white lines that appear above the lunula of the fingernails about 5 weeks after exposure to arsenic or acute/severe illness
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Beau's lines
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white depressed lines across the fingernails, usually a sign of systemic disease; trauma, coronary occlusion, hypercalcemia, skin disease
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clubbing
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lateral and longitudinal curvature of the nails accompanied by soft tissue enlargement, presenting a bulbous, shiny appearance; lung diseases, infective endocarditis, steatorrhea and occasionally familial
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spooning or koilonychias
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nails that are thin and concave with raised edges; assoc with iron-deficiency anemia
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Lindsay's nails
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half and half nails; proximal 1/2 white and distal darker; assoc with chronic renal failure
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Tzank test
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examination of tissue from the lower surface of a lesion in vesicular disease to determine the cell type; take fluid out of lesion; assoc with vericella, herpes zoster, pemphis vulgaris
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presbyopia
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defect of vision in advancing age involving loss of accommodation or recession of near point
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presbycusis
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impairment of hearing in old age
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scotomas
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island like blind gap in the visual field; lesion of macula, looking at sun in eclipse, absence of rods and cones, mental or physical labor, eyestrain, migraine
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hyperopia
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farsightedness
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myopia
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nearsightedness
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diplopia
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double vision; disease of eyeball, cranal nerve affections, disease of cerebellum, cerebrum and mininges
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amblyopia
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reduction or dimness of vision; paralysis of opposite side of the face; irritation of peripheral area; effects of alcohol, tobacco, lead, drugs or other toxic substances; uremic attack
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miosis
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abnormal contraction of pupil; irritation of oculomotor system or paralysis of dilators; fevers; congestion of iris in typhus, early stages of meningitis and some drug poisonings; brain lesions and sun stroke
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mydriasis
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pronounced or abnormal dilation of pupils; fright, sudden emotion, 1st & 3rd stages of anesthesia; drugs, coma, hysteria, botulism or irritation of cervical sympathetic nerve
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anisocoria
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inequality in the size of the pupils;congenital, aneurysms, head trauma, diseases of nervous system, brain lesion, paresis or locomotor ataxia
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exophthalmos
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abnormal protrusion of the eyeball; thyrotoxicosis, tumor of the orbit, orbital cellulitis, leukemia or aneurysm
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blue sclera
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abnormal degree of blueness of the sclera; osteogenesis imperfecta
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cotton-wool patches
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white or gray, ovoid lesions with irregular borders, usually smaller than the disc; the appearance of the retina from infarcted nerve fibers; hypertension
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drusen
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small, hyaline, globular pathological growths formed on optic papilla or on Descemet's membrane; yellowish round spots that vary from tiny to small, edges may be hard or soft; normal aging or macular degeneration
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Horner's syndrome
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contraction of the pupil, partial ptosis of the eyelid, enophthalmos and sometimes loss of sweating of the affected side of the face; due to paralysis of the cervical sympathetic nerve trunk
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Argyll Robertson upils
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present in paralysis and locomotor ataxia (due to syphillis); light reflex is absent but there is no change in the contraction of the pupil during accommodation
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Adie's pupils
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a syndrome characterized by tonic pupil that responds slowly or not at all to light; accompanied by slow constriction and relaxation in the change from near to distant vision and impaired accommodation; affected pupil is frequently larger that the normal pupil, deep tendon reflexes often decreased
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Reiter syndrome
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consisting of urethritis, arthritis, and conjunctivitis; occurs mainly in young men; chlamydia most frequently associated
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strabismus
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disorder of the eye in chich optic axes cannot be directed to the same object; hereditary, imbalance in ocular muscle tone; paralysis of one or more extraocular muscles
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cover-uncover test
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reveals a slight or latent muscle imbalance not otherwise seen
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nystagmus
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constant, involuntary, cyclical movement of the eyeball; movement in any direction; congenital, seen in bilateral amblyopia, miners and train dispatchers; labyrinthine irritability, neuro diseases
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retinoblastoma
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malignant glioma of the retina; occurs in young children and shows a hereditary pattern; initial diagnostic finding is usually a yellow or white light reflex seen at the pupil (cat's eye reflex)
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hemianopsia
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blindness for half the field of vision in one or both eyes;lesions of the nervous system regulating vision
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homonymous hemianopsia
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blindness of nasal half of the visual field of one eye and temporal half of the other, or right=sided or left=sided hemianopsia of corresponding sides of both eyes;
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conductive hearing loss
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hearing loss through bone; problems in the external or middle ear
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sensorineural hearing loss
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hearing loss through sensory nerve; problems in the inner ear, cochlear nerve or its central connections in the brain
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tinnitus
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ringing in ears; can accompany hearing loss and vertigo (Menier's disease; asa toxicity
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Meniere's disease
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recurrent and usually progressive group of sx including progressive deafness, ringing in ears, dizziness and sensation of fullness or pressure in the ears
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vertigo
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feeling of moving around in space; middle ear disease; toxic conditions such as those caused by ASA, alcohol or streptomycin; sunstroke, postural hypotension or toxemia due to food poisoning or infectious disease
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raccoon eyes
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periorbital ecchymosis; may be present in pts who have a basilar skull fracture
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Battle's sign
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bogginess of the temporal or postaruicular resion of the head; indicates fracture of the basilar area of the skull
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Stellwag's sign
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widening of palpebral aperature with absence or lessened frequency of winking; seen in Grave's disease
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rhinorrhea
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watery discharge from nose; viral, allergies; cerebrospinal: defect in or trauma to cribriform plate; gustatory: occurs while one is eating
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epistaxis
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bloody nose; local infections, systemic infections; dry nasal mucous membrane; trauma, arteriosclerosis, hypertension and bleeding tendencies
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goiter
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an enlargement of the thyroid gland;lack of iodine in diet, thyroiditis, inflammation from infection, tumors or hyperfunction or hypofunction of the thyroid gland
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cataracts
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opacity of lens of the eye or its capsule or both; aging process, congenital, infection, injury, exposure to radiation, adrenal cortical hormones taken for long periods, UV rad, diabetes, cigarette smoking
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macular degeneration
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degeneration of the macular area of the retina of the eye; cause unknown
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glaucoma
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group of eye diseases characterized by increase in intraocular pressure, which results in atrophy of the optic nerve and may result in blindness; cup-to-disc ratio is hich; cup > 50% of disc is suspicious; 70% strongly suggests; etiol: failure of removal of aqueous humor from the eye at a rate to keep up with its production in the anterior chamber or if this is normal cause is unknown
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narrow angle glaucoma
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caused by a shallow anterior chamber and thus a narrow filtration angle through which the aqueous humor normally passes; medical emergency: sudden onset of pain in eye, pupil unreactive and mid dilated size
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open angle glaucoma
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any form of glaucoma in which the filtration angle is normal; non-acute & most common ; effects peripheral vision first
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hirsutism
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excessive growth of hair or the presence of hair in unusual places, esp in women; abnormalities of androgen production or metabolism
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blepharitis
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ulcerative or nonulcerative inflammation of the edges of the eyelids involving hair follicles and glands that open onto the surfaces; ulcerative: staph infection; nonulcerative: unknown or allergy
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ptosis
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dropping or drooping of an organ or part, as the upper eyelid from paralysis
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ectropion
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eversion of an edge or margin of an eyelid; old age, relaxation of skin; cicatrix following trauma; infection; palsy of facial nerve
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entropion
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inversion of an edge or margin of an eyelid; scar tissue on the inner surface of the lid; spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscles
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pinguecula
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yellow thickening or bulbar conjunctiva, triangular in shape, on inner and outer margins of the cornea; aging
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sty(hordeolum)
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a localized circumscribed inflammatory swelling of one or several sebaceous glands of the eyelid; bacterial infection
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chalazion
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small, hard tumor analogous to sebaceous cyst developing on the eyelids
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episcleritis
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inflammation of the subconjunctival layers of the sclera
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dacryotcystitis
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inflammation of the tear sac involving mucous membrane of the lacrimal sac with submucous membrane, which later extends to connective tissue, surrounding it with resulting cellulites; usually secondary to prolonged obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct
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xanthelasma
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flat or slightly raised yellowish tumor occurring in elderly persons, found most frequently on the upper an lower lids; may occur with lipid disorders or independently
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pterygium
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triangular thickening of bubar conjunctiva extending from inner canthus to border of the cornea with apex toward pupil
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exostoses
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bony growth that arises from the surface of a bone, often involvoing the ossification of muscular attachments; in the ear canal, nonmalignant growths obscuring view of the tm
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aphthous ulcer (canker sore)
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solitary or multiple ulcers of the oral cavity that tend to recur; certain foods, fever or mental stress
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gingivitis
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inflammation of the gums characterized by redness, swelling and tendency to bleed; improper dental hygiene, poorly fitting dentures; mouth and upper resp inf.; scurvy, blood dyscrasias or metallic poisoning
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torus palatinus
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rounded elevation or swelling; a begign exostosis located in the midline of the hard palate
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cheilitis
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inflammation of the lip; nutritional deficiency, excessive exposure to sunlight
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Vincent stomatitis
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ulcerative inflammation of the mouth (tongue)
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Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
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polyps of the small intestine and melanin pigmentation of the lips, mucosa, fingers and toes; anemia due to bleeding from the intestinal polyps is a common finding; inherited disorder
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Fordyce spots
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enlarged ectopic sebaceous glands in the mucosa of the mouth and genitals; appear as small yellow spots, called Fordyce's spots; asymptomatic and present in the majority of people
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Hutchinson's teeth
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congenitall; pegged, lateral incisors and notched central incisors along the cutting edge; sign of congenital syphilis
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hairy tongue
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tongue covered with hairlike papillae entangled with treads produced by the fungus Aspergillus niger or Candida albicans; usually seen as the result of antibiotic therapy that inhibits growth of bacterial normally present in the mouth
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geographic tongue
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numerous denuded patches on dorsal surface coalescing into free-form shapes similar to geographic presentation maps; cause unknown
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strawberry tongue
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peculiar red, papillated tongue characteristic of scarlatina (scarlet fever)
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leukoplakia
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formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue or cheek; lesions may become malignant
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tori mandibulares
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rounded bony protuberances that grow from the inner surfaces of the mandible, bilateral and asymptomatic
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Grave's disease
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exophthalmic goiter; hyperthyroidism
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Hashimoto's thyroiditis
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inflammation of thyroid; transient hyperthyroidism; seen in some pts receiving interferon-alpha, interferon-beta, and interleukin-2
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myxedema
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condition resulting from hypofunction of the thyroid gland; mucous swelling
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