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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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basic elements
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Pitch
Timbre Intensity Duration |
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pitch
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placement of a sound on the audible spectrum.
measured by frequency of vibrations. |
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MIDDLE "A"
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(concert A)= 440 cycles per second or (hertz)
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WESTERN SCALE
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divides octaves into 8 intervals using 7 tones or notes (Diatonic scale)
C-D-E-F-G-A-B-C (C major scale) |
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EASTERN SCALE
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uses 5 tones or notes (pentatonic scale)
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timbre
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quality of an instrument's sound that distinguishes it from another.
Created my harmonics or overtones. |
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Intensity
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range of volume
from "fortissimo" to "pianissimo" |
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Crescendo
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to become progressively louder
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Musical texture
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Monophony
Homophony Polyphony |
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Monophony
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single melody line sung or played without orchestration or harmony
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Homophony
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melody line with instrumental support
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polyphony
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two different melodies sung or played simultaneously in a "contrapuntal" or opposing fashion.
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Musical scale
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arrangement of steps and half-steps.
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thematic structure
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sequence of repeating musical patterns
letters associated with each pattern structure of typical "radio hit" |
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structure of typical "radio hit"
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verse (A)
Chorus (B) Verse (A) |
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Composition
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Harmony
two or more notes played simultaneously and traditionally yields a pleasing sound. |
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chord
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three or more notes played together.
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structure of typical "radio hit"
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verse (A)
chorus (B) verse (A) chorus (B) Bridge or interlude (C) verse (A) Chorus (B) |
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composition
melody |
a sequence of changing pitches an durations
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composition
gregorioan chant |
vocal
monophonic within the range of the male voice intervals of no more than a third or a fourth sung "A capella" vocal with no music accompaniment |
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consonance
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sounds that are pleasing to the ear
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dissonance
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sound that are displeasing to the ear often sounding "out of tune"
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Patter song
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more spoken than sung
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tempo
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ranging from "Largo" to "Prestissimo"
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meter
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indicates the number and type of notes per measure.
3/4 times is recognized as a "waltz" 4/4 times is often referred to as "common time" and was a standard element in marches. |
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syncopation
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is shifting the emphasis from the typical o an atypical placement.
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musical forms
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sonata
suite concerto symphony overture opera operetta |
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musical forms
concerto |
a work composed for full orchestra and solo instrument
often structured in a fast-slow-fast example: Bach's Brandenburg concerto No. 3 in G |
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Musical forms
Symphony |
a larger work composed for full orchestra
no soloist often structured in four movements Fast-slow-moderate-fast example: Mozart's symphony No. 40 in G minor |
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Musical Forms
sonata |
extended piece of written for one or more solo instruments.
Often with A-B-A or A-A-B-A thematic structure ex. Beethoven's Piano Sonata No.1 in F |
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musical forms
Suite |
Group of Loosely related musical movements played in succession.
In the same key. ex. tehaikovsky's the nutcracker Op.71 Contrasting in rhythm and mood. |
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Musical form
overture |
two types
concert overture show overture |
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concert overture
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Stand alone (does not precede a larger work)
Example: Tchaikovsky's 1812 overture |
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show overture
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Precedes a larger work
introduces the major themes often different overtures for each act. ex. Bizet's Carmen |
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musical Forms
Opera |
theatrically staged story set to instrumental and vocal music such that most or all of the acted parts are sung.
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Musical forms- opera
aria |
musical piece for solo voice and orchestral accompaniment.
dose not advance action. offers insight into the innermost thoughts and feeling of an opertie character. |
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Musical forms- opera
recitative |
sung dialogue which advances the action
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musical terms- Intensity
pp- Pianissimo |
very soft
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p- piano
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soft
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mp- Mezzo Piano
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Moderately Soft
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mf- mezzo Forte
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Moderately Loud
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ff- Fortissimo
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Very Loud
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Musical Terms- Tempo
Largo |
very slow
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grave
Adagio |
Slow (leisurely)
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Grave
Andante |
moderate (walking Pace)
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Moderato
Allegro |
Fast
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Vivace
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Vivacious
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Presto
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Very Fast
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Design elements
Lighting Design |
Most ephemeral of the theatrical visual arts
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lighting Design
Four Primary Goals |
visibility/focus
reveals form supports aesthetic style of production (realsim, theatricality, etc.) enhances mood |
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sound design
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creates an aural environment
provides continuity/ transitions from scene to scene includes selection, creation and placement of sound effects |
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the physical theatre space
proscenium |
the most common style of staging
creates a "picture frame" effect the audience becomes voyeurs, peering through the "fourth wall" into the world of the characters |
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proscenium
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cut-away view showing the "stage house" used to raise, or "fly" scenery out of sight.
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Arena (theatre in the Round)
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audience surrounds stage
an attempt to increase the proximity and intimacy between audience and actors. |
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Thrust (3/4 staging)
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audience sits on three sides with scenery on remaining side
goal was to achieve intimacy of arena while allowing use of large scenic units. |
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black box
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totally flexible theatre space
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areas of theatrical design
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scenic
costume lighting sound |
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scenic design
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creates an environment conducive to the needs of the production
utilizes same compositional elements found in visual art utilizes an aesthetic style to match the production realism expressionism theatricalism |
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costume design
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demonstrates location, period, elements of character (personality, socio-economic status, occupation)
reveals relationships between characters includes hair makeup and personal effects. reflects aesthetic style of the production. |
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Origins
primitive man |
possibly used demonstrations/ recreations to communicate with others.
these events often included participation in "Myths" & "Rituals" |
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Myth
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belief used to explain the unknown
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Ritual
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Action Intended to achieve a desired result or outcome.
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shaman
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spiritual leader thought to have access to or control over spiritual world (priest, medicine man, witch doctor)
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Greeks
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integrated ritualistic elements (music, dance, chants) into religious ceremonies or "festivals"
these festivals were dedicated to the god "Dionysus" |
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dramatic structure
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festival events coalesced into what would eventually become recognized as dramatic structure.
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dramatic forms
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tragedy
melodrama comedy farce drama |
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tragedy
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dramatic definition narrower than colloquial
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Aristotle 384-322 BC
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greek philosopher, mathematician, logician who taught and lectured on a wide range of topic, including theatre. these were published in a work called "the Poetics"
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tragedy
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serious
form of action (not narrative) treatment of characters and events must be absolutely honest leading character (tragic hero) must be "representative of a class" leading character must meet defeat must evoke fear, pity & catharsis |
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tragic hero
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noble
uncompromising ethical or spiritual struggle against fate struggle comes from within struggle ends with "enlightened" defeat ultimately posses a "tragic flaw" |
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tragic hero
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good person- happiness to despair
Bad person- despair to happiness bad person- happiness to despair good but imperfect person- happiness to despair |
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tragedy
plot |
second in importance to character provides the structure for the play.
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tragedy plot
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themes are universal
must be possible and probable characters and events must be treated with unflinching honesty |
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Melodrama
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grew out of the romanticism of the 19th century
the majority of the crises in our daily lives lack greater moral dimension. |
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Melodrama Plot
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possible, but not necessarily probable
action oriented events often contrived structured to enhance tension significant events result from external forces |
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Melodrama character
two-dimensional |
more devices than people
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stereotypical
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hero
sidekick innocent victim villain |
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melodrama
appeal |
most popular form of entertainment
clear cut resolutions to everyday human problems refreshing due to lack of gray area good always triumphs over evil |
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tragedy
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character oriented
examines values deals with universal and spiritual issues treats good and evil with unblinking honesty evokes pity, fear, catharsis |
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melodrama
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plot oriented
exploits action deals with the physical, material, transitory escapist, with events often contrived elicits suspense, terror, love, hate |
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comedy
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dramatic definition narrower than colloquial
not simply anything funny possible & probable Honest portrayal of life grows out of character (human folly) |
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comedy (humor)
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Alan Thompson's "ladder of humor"
transition from comedy to farce |
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Farce
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grows out of situation
possible but not probable creates improbable situation then proceeds logically thought not necessary or required (rapid pacing) |
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drama
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falls between tragedy and melodrama
a play with serious intent utilizes suspense and tension confronts sociological and philosophical issues deals with serious concerns but rarely universalities characters are common people |
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aristotle
listed the basic elements of drama |
plot
character thought diction music spectacle |
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dramatic elements
character |
the way they look
what they say what they do what others say about them |
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dramatic elements
thought |
the overall theme or themes found in the play
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dramatic elements
diction |
not only what is said but how it is said
utilize not only sounds and rhythms but silence |
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music
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anything heard within the context of the play
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spectacle
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anything seen within the context of the play
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