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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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self concept |
the content of the self/knowledge of who we are |
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active self |
what we are currently thinking about ourselves |
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self awareness |
the act of thinking about the self
Concrete-->abstract |
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self schemas |
structures that help us to organize info about the self -influences what we think about, notice, remember -organization: chronic/situational |
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self schemas organization |
chronic
situational |
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self reference effect |
tendency to remember things better if you relate it to the self |
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independent self construal |
defining the self in terms of internal thoughts, traits, feelings, and actions
separate bubbles |
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interdependent self construal |
defining the self in terms of relationships/roles have no self outside of this bubbles are overlapping |
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self regulation |
how we control behavior |
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self regulatory resource model |
resources are limited, control over self is like muscle |
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self regulation study results |
those w/o cookies, not hungry held hand in water the longest
those w/o cookies, who were hungry were 2nd
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those w/o cookies, not hungry held hand in water the longest
those w/o cookies, who were hungry were 2nd |
self regulation study results |
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actual self |
who we actually are right now with good and bad traits |
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ought self |
who we feel we should be |
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ideal self |
who we'd like to be |
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actual-ideal discrepencies |
feel either happy or depressed |
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actual-ought discrepencies |
feel either relaxed or anxious |
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cybernetic model of self regulation |
-we compare current state to internal standards -good metaphor: thermostat -when we move away from ideal we notice and try to regulate -velocity is very important-speed with which we're moving to desired state -we're happy to the extent we're moving quickly towards goals -we're sad to the extent that we are moving quickly away from goal |
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Lay believes we think, feel, behave |
see empty hat --> some sort of trick --> rabbit
cue activation --> internal process --> thoughts, feelings, behaviors
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introspection |
people look inwards and examine their own thoughts, feelings, and motives
this is generally not a good way to gain knowledge.
reasons for actions/feelings are hidden from us. |
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what does attitude change result from? |
thinking about the reasons for one's actions |
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self perception |
infer our attitudes by looking at how we acted or felt
look at ourselves as unbiased observer
examine situation for situational constraints |
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self perception study |
sometimes vs often, people said sometimes more than often |
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two factor theory of emotion |
step 1: experience physical arousal (self perception)
step 2: seek appropriate label/explanation for it
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juicing people up and emotion CONCEPT |
two factor theory of emotion |
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juicing people up and emotion |
injection of suproxin (really epinephrine) (makes you feel aroused)
assess emotion
asked to fill out inappropriate survey
see confederate get angry
if injected with arousing meds, you get really mad and misattribute the emotion as anger
if saline, just kinda mad |
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rope bridge study CONCEPT |
misattribution of arousal |
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rope bridge study |
men attributed their arousal towards feelings for the women when they were asked on the bridge and more men on the bridge asked her out as opposed to when asked off the bridge |
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offering kids money to read |
-want to promote lifelong love of reading -money is powerful motivator -when program is over, kids read less than before -especially with kids who read a lot
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intrinsic motivation |
i am motivated by myself |
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extrinsic motivation |
motivated by the environment |
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overjustification effect |
people believe their behaviors are based on extrinsic more and less instrinsic, when it is really the self. |
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task contingent rewards |
get reward for doing a task
preserves intrinsic motivation |
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performance contingent rewards |
get reward only if you do well -if you succeed, increases behavior if you fail, decrease behavior and lower self esteem |
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social comparison theory |
- learn about ourselves by comparing with others
- the evaluation of one social entity (including the self) with other social entities
- compare yourself with similar people |
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upward social comparison |
comparison with people who are better |
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downward social comparison |
MOST OF THE TIME, with people who are worse |
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self handicapping |
create obstacles to attribute failure to
avoids blaming the self |
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self handicapping two examples/studies |
1: people drink before SAT 2: drinking and solving hard problems study given opportunity to drink, most people did expected difficulty rose with BAL |
