Exam 2 Review

Front 1

Dehiscence

Back 1

A partial or total separation of wound layers caused by poor nutritional status, infection, or obesity

The patient may feel something "give away" or pop

May be prevented using splinting

Front 2

What do you do if a patient presents for surgery and has s/s of illness?

Back 2

Postpone surgery until the patient is feeling better

Front 3

S/S of internal bleeding

Back 3

Cool/Clammy/Pale Skin

Low BP

High HR(Tachycardia)

High Respiratory Rate (tachypnea)

Front 4

What temperature constitutes a fever?

Back 4

100.4F

Front 5

S/S of Malignant Hyperthermia

Back 5

Jaw and muscle rigidity
Cool/Clammy/Pale Skin
Low BP
High HR(Tachycardia)
High Respiratory Rate (tachypnea)

Front 6

What are contraindications for surgery?

Back 6

Infection/Fever

Low CBC
Respiratory/Acute Illness

Front 7

What must be reported to the PACU nurse?

Back 7

IV fluids
Estimated blood loss
Type of anesthesia
Vital signs

Front 8

What kind of anesthesia is used for colonoscopies?

Back 8

Conscious sedation

Front 9

How many nurses are required when wasting a narcotic?

Back 9

2

Front 10

What type of tissue needs to be debrided?

Back 10

Slough
Eschar

Front 11

5 Stages of Wound Healing

Back 11

Wound Assessment
Optimal Moisture
Understand Periwound
Necrotic Tissue
Depth

Front 12

Stage 1 Pressure Ulcer

Back 12

Non-blanchable redness
Intact skin

Front 13

Stage 2 Pressure Ulcer

Back 13

Shallow, open ulcer involving the epidermis and potentially the dermis

Front 14

Stage 3 Pressure Ulcer

Back 14

Full thickness wound
Extends into subcutaneous tissue
Slough and eschar may be present

Front 15

Stage 4 Pressure Ulcer

Back 15

Full thickness wound
Extends into muscle, tendon, ligament
Potentially exposed bone
Slough and eschar will likely be present

Front 16

Unstageable Pressure Ulcer

Back 16

Slough or eschar covers the depth of the wound

Front 17

Suspected Deep Tissue Injury

Back 17

Locally dark purple/maroon
Firm or mushy

Front 18

Primary Intention

Back 18

Wound that is closed by epithelialization with minimal scar formation
Closed using sutures or staples with a clean incision

Front 19

Secondary Intention

Back 19

Wound is left open until it becomes filled by scar tissue
Chance of infection is greater

Front 20

Evisceration

Back 20

Total separation of wound layers with protrusion of visceral organs through a wound opening requiring surgical repair

Front 21

What do you do if you find an eviscerated wound?

Back 21

Don sterile gloves and keep the area moist and covered. Evisceration requires an emergency surgery

Front 22

Major Surgery

Back 22

Extensive reconstruction
Poses great risks to well-being

Front 23

Minor Surgery

Back 23

Involves minimal risks compared with major procedures

Front 24

Elective Surgery

Back 24

It is not essential and not always necessary for health

Front 25

Emergency Surgery

Back 25

Must be done immediately to save life or preserve function of a body part

Front 26

Diagnostic Surgery

Back 26

Exploration that allows diagnosis to be confirm

Front 27

Ablative Surgery

Back 27

Excision or removal of diseased body part

Front 28

Constructive Surgery

Back 28

Restores function lost or reduced as result of congenital anomalies

Front 29

Cosmetic Surgery

Back 29

Performed to improve personal apperance

Front 30

How does DM increase the risks of surgery?

Back 30

Uncontrolled blood glucose leads to impaired wound healing and increased risk of infection

Front 31

How does OSA increase the risks of surgery?

Back 31

Anesthesia and analgesics have a higher risk of causing respiratory issues
Higher risk of low SpO2

Front 32

How does upper respiratory infection increase the risks of surgery?

Back 32

Increased risk of respiratory complications during anesthesia

Front 33

How does fever increase the risks of surgery?

Back 33

Predisposition to fluid and electrolyte imbalance

Front 34

How does smoking increase the risks of surgery?

Back 34

Increased risk of pulmonary complications
Thickened mucous
Impaired wound healing

Front 35

How does drinking increase the risks of surgery?

Back 35

Increased risk of adverse reactions to anesthetics and analgesics

Front 36

Pneumonia

Back 36

Inflammation of alveoli due to poor lung expansion with retained or aspirated secretions

Front 37

Abdominal Distention

Back 37

Retention of air within intestines/abdominal cavity caused by slowed peristalsis

Front 38

Urinary Retention

Back 38

Involuntary accumulation of urine in bladder as the result of loss of muscle tone due to anesthesia and narcotic analgesics

Front 39

Skin Breakdown

Back 39

Impaired skin integrity resulting from pressure or shear force that can occur from prolonged periods on OR table and in bed post-op

Front 40

Malignant Hyperthermia

Back 40

Severe hypermetabolic state and rigidity of the skeletal muscles caused by an increase in intracellular calcium. It is a rare genetic condition triggered by exposure to inhaled anesthetic agents and the depolarzing muscle relaxant succinylcholine