Exam 2 Physio 5

Front 1

The Pulmonary artery and aorta have high

Back 1

elasticity

Front 2

Pulmonary capillaries and Systemic capillaries have high

Back 2

elasticity

Front 3

Windkessel model of the aorta

Back 3

The artery is distinsible and equivalent to the compressible air within a chamber above the fluid

Front 4

The walls of the aorta store

Back 4

energy, which is released to maintain blood flow

Front 5

The circulatory system works as a hydraulic filter due to

Back 5

arteries high elasticity and veins high resistance

Front 6

Part of the energy of cardiac contraction is sent to the capillaries during systole; the remainder energy is stored

Back 6

in the arteries as potential energy (PE)—much of the stroke volume is retained in the stretching of these arteries

Front 7

During diastole the elastic recoil of arterial walls converts

Back 7

this PE into capillary flow. If arteries were rigid capillary flow during diastole would cease. Therefore, hydraulic filtering minimizes work load on the heart (by preventing systole from being the only producer of capillary blood flow. *Remember that it is at the capillary level that gas exchange (nutrition) takes place).

Front 8

With age, fat, smoking etc… the distensibility of the arteries

Back 8

decreases and the heart has to work harder because no energy is stored in the arterial wall

Front 9

At low transmural pressures, compliance

Back 9

becomes extremely high as the vein becomes more rounded. Flattened vein has low compliance

Front 10

Elastance is the

Back 10

lack of elasticity

Front 11

Elasticity increases with

Back 11

age (the less elastin in arteries the higher the elastance

Front 12

Compliance decreases with

Back 12

age

Front 13

Mean arterial pressur decreases along

Back 13

the arteries as the blood moves away from the heart

Front 14

Physiological factors that determine arterial blood pressure

Back 14

Cardiac Ouput
Peripheral resistance

Front 15

Cardiac output=

Back 15

Heart rate x Stroke volume

Front 16

Physical factors affecting arterial blood pressure

Back 16

arterial blood volume
arterial compliance

Front 17

An increase in cardiac ouput increases

Back 17

blood pressure

Front 18

Arterial compliance determines the

Back 18

rate of change of pressure but not the final volume Cardiac Output

Front 19

An increase in peripheral resistance increases

Back 19

blood pressure. If Resistance abruplty increases Q would decrease (Q=P/R). Blood would accumulates in the arteries until pressure rises to maintain constant flow

Front 20

an increase in SV will increase

Back 20

CO, thus increasing BP. These increases will increase systolic, diastolic, mean, and pulse pressure.

Front 21

As arterial compliance is reduced the pulse pressure

Back 21

increases.

Front 22

An increase in TPR will increase

Back 22

systolic pressure, thus also increasing pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure

Front 23

A reduction in compliance increases

Back 23

pulse pressure because stroke volume and distinsibility doesnt change, so more pressure needs to be exerted to move volume

Front 24

Sphyngometer measurement

Back 24

When the cuff increases the pressure the diameter of the vessel decreases and turbulence ensues. As we release the cuff the first sound is systolic pressure and last one is diastolic. The pressures do not represent the actual heart pressure but a close approximation