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32 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what is a pneumothorax
collapse of lung tissue and is caused by collection of air in the pleural space.

Can be open or closed.
What is a hemothorax?
presence of blood in pleural space.
results in partial or complete lung collapse.
Locations for chest tubes:
1 apical
2 5th or 6th intercostal or 7th or 8th
3 mediastinal
4 two are tube systems connected with a y connector
where do chest tube insertions occur?
bedside (in emergency)
PACU
OR
ER
**procedure needs a signed consent**
What do you need to heal a wound?
Good nutrition
Adequate Oxygen
Wound covered (b/c air kills cells)
Common Labs for nutrition
Albumin or prealbumin
hemoglobin
nitrogen balance (important to establish serum protein status.
What is dysphagia?
refers to difficulty when swallowing
TPN includes what types of nutrition?
Carbs 10-20%
amino acids
fats
insulin
vitamins
We know TPN is being metabolized by:
checking: electrolytes
weight, I and O, FSBS Q6H, VS
*check pt for edema*
TPN is IV CVC so it needs
special tubing and a special filter
If there is an empty bag of TPN and you don't have another one what could you use instead?
D10
Provide a ______ before eating
30 min rest period
spirometry
measures the volume of air entering or leaving the lungs.
four factors that influence adequacy of circulation, ventilation, perfusion, and transport of respiratory gases to the tissues:
physiological
developmental
lifestyle
enviromental
hypovolemia
increases cardiac output
oxygenation decreases as a direct consequence of:
chronic disease
myocardial ischemia
results when the supply of blood to the myocardium from the coronary arteries is insufficient to meet myocardial oxygen demands.
angina pectoris
transient balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand.

Chest pain that feels like pressure
hypoxia
inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level.

LIFE THREATENING
hemoptysis
bloody sputum-associated w/ coughing and bleeding from upper respiratory tract from sinus drainage.
dyspnea (a clinical sign of hypoxia)
sensation of difficult or uncomfortable breathing.
When inspecting a patient: cardiopulmonary status an abnormal finding would be
distended neck veins, cyanosis, decreased skin turgor, flaring nares, pused lip breathing, petechiae on conjuctivae.
ways to promote oxygenation
humidification, nebulization, chest physiotherapy, postural drainage, chest percussion and suctioning
oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal suctioning:
used when the client is able to cough effectively but is unable to clear secretions by expectorating or swallowing.
orotracheal and nasotracheal suctioning
necessary when the client w/ pulmonary secretions is unable to manage secretions by coughing and does not have an artificial airway present.
tracheal suctioning
occurs through an artificial airway to remove secretions.
what is a chest tube?
a catheter inserted through the thorax to remove air and fluids from the pleural space to prevent air or fluid from reentering the pleural space.
nasal cannula
delivers 24-44% oxygen
simple mask
delivers 30-60% oxygen
short-term
venturi mask
24-60% oxygen
nonrebreather
60-95% oxygen
delivers most oxygen
Types of coughs
huff-while exhaling say huff and cough
quad-pt pushes inward and upward to cough (for no ab muscles)
cascade- slow deep breath. hold for 2 sec while letting out multi coughs