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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is a pneumothorax
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collapse of lung tissue and is caused by collection of air in the pleural space.
Can be open or closed. |
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What is a hemothorax?
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presence of blood in pleural space.
results in partial or complete lung collapse. |
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Locations for chest tubes:
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1 apical
2 5th or 6th intercostal or 7th or 8th 3 mediastinal 4 two are tube systems connected with a y connector |
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where do chest tube insertions occur?
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bedside (in emergency)
PACU OR ER **procedure needs a signed consent** |
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What do you need to heal a wound?
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Good nutrition
Adequate Oxygen Wound covered (b/c air kills cells) |
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Common Labs for nutrition
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Albumin or prealbumin
hemoglobin nitrogen balance (important to establish serum protein status. |
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What is dysphagia?
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refers to difficulty when swallowing
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TPN includes what types of nutrition?
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Carbs 10-20%
amino acids fats insulin vitamins |
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We know TPN is being metabolized by:
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checking: electrolytes
weight, I and O, FSBS Q6H, VS *check pt for edema* |
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TPN is IV CVC so it needs
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special tubing and a special filter
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If there is an empty bag of TPN and you don't have another one what could you use instead?
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D10
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Provide a ______ before eating
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30 min rest period
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spirometry
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measures the volume of air entering or leaving the lungs.
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four factors that influence adequacy of circulation, ventilation, perfusion, and transport of respiratory gases to the tissues:
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physiological
developmental lifestyle enviromental |
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hypovolemia
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increases cardiac output
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oxygenation decreases as a direct consequence of:
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chronic disease
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myocardial ischemia
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results when the supply of blood to the myocardium from the coronary arteries is insufficient to meet myocardial oxygen demands.
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angina pectoris
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transient balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand.
Chest pain that feels like pressure |
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hypoxia
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inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level.
LIFE THREATENING |
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hemoptysis
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bloody sputum-associated w/ coughing and bleeding from upper respiratory tract from sinus drainage.
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dyspnea (a clinical sign of hypoxia)
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sensation of difficult or uncomfortable breathing.
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When inspecting a patient: cardiopulmonary status an abnormal finding would be
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distended neck veins, cyanosis, decreased skin turgor, flaring nares, pused lip breathing, petechiae on conjuctivae.
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ways to promote oxygenation
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humidification, nebulization, chest physiotherapy, postural drainage, chest percussion and suctioning
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oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal suctioning:
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used when the client is able to cough effectively but is unable to clear secretions by expectorating or swallowing.
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orotracheal and nasotracheal suctioning
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necessary when the client w/ pulmonary secretions is unable to manage secretions by coughing and does not have an artificial airway present.
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tracheal suctioning
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occurs through an artificial airway to remove secretions.
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what is a chest tube?
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a catheter inserted through the thorax to remove air and fluids from the pleural space to prevent air or fluid from reentering the pleural space.
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nasal cannula
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delivers 24-44% oxygen
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simple mask
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delivers 30-60% oxygen
short-term |
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venturi mask
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24-60% oxygen
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nonrebreather
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60-95% oxygen
delivers most oxygen |
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Types of coughs
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huff-while exhaling say huff and cough
quad-pt pushes inward and upward to cough (for no ab muscles) cascade- slow deep breath. hold for 2 sec while letting out multi coughs |