Exam 2 Multiple Choice

Front 1

1) A protein is destined to be secreted from a cell. In which of the following organelles would you expect to find the protein first?

A) endosome

B) Golgi apparatus

C) lysosome

D) secretory vesicle

Back 1

B. Golgi apparatus

Front 2

2) The endoplasmic reticulum is a site for:

A)potassium storage in muscle cells. B) drug detoxification by catalase.

C) N-linked glycosylation of polypeptides.

D) addition of lipid residues.

E) both choices B and C

Back 2

C) N-linked glycosylation of polypeptides

Front 3

3) You want to engineer a yeast cell to manufacture and secrete a bacterial protein product. To do this properly, you need to make certain that:

A) the appropriate signal sequence is present.

B) plenty of clathrin-coated pits may be formed.

C) mannose-6-phosphate is added to the protein.

D) the yeast cell is capable of phagocytosis.

E) all of the above

Back 3

A) the appropriate signal sequence is present.

Front 4

4) Which of the following molecules stabilizes the cell membrane during coated pit formation?

A)mannose-6-phosphate

B) KDEL signals

C) clatherin

D)botulinum toxin

E) stabilin

Back 4

C) clatherin

Front 5

5) The continuous release of mucus by the epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract is an example of:

A)regulated secretion.

B) constitutive secretion.

C)the mucus response.

D)the formation of clathrin-coated pits.

E) phagocytosis.

Back 5

B) constitutive secretion.

Front 6

6) A radioactively labeled protein is made by cells and followed through the various organelles in the secretory pathway. After six hours, all of the radioactivity is still primarily in the Golgi apparatus. This suggests that the:

A) protein was not translated by the ribosomes.

B) protein does not possess a signal peptide for localization within the lumen of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

C) protein possesses a signal for localization within the Golgi apparatus.

D) all of the above

Back 6

C) protein possesses a signal for localization within the Golgi apparatus.

Front 7

7) In a longitudinal section of a nerve cell, at the presynaptic site you note a variety of vesicles that are anchored to the plasma membrane. The vesicles must be specialized for:

A) constitutive secretion.

B)regulated secretion.

C) polarized secretion.

D) zymogen secretion.

Back 7

C) polarized secretion.

Front 8

8) Which of the following statements is false regarding phagocytosis?

A) It involves ingestion of large particles by the cell.

B) It involves the projection of pseudopodia.

C) It is a method used predominantly by amoeba to obtain food.

D) It is mediated by clathrin at the plasma membrane.

E) In vertebrates, macrophages and neutrophils possess this ability.

Back 8

D) It is mediated by clathrin at the plasma membrane.

Front 9

9) During receptor-mediated endocytosis, the ultimate fate of the vesicle and/or its contents include(s):

A)transcytosis.

B)transport to late endosome for digestion.

C)recycling of receptors.

D) only choices B and C

E) choices A, B, and C

Back 9

A)transcytosis.

B)transport to late endosome for digestion.

C)recycling of receptors.

E) choices A, B, and C

Front 10

10) Lysosomal storage diseases are the result of deficiencies in lysosomal proteins. An example of one such disorder:

A)adult-onset diabetes.

B) tuberculosis.

C) Huntington's disease.

D) chronic fatigue syndrome.

E) Tay-Sachs disease.

Back 10

E) Tay-Sachs disease.

Front 11

11) All of the following are part of the core oligosaccharide side chain in the ER, except:

A)N-acetyl glucosamine.

B) erythrose

C) mannose.

D) glucose.

E) both choices A and C

Back 11

B) erythrose

Front 12

12) Peroxisomes:

A) are not derived from the endoplasmic reticulum.

B) are bounded by double membranes.

C) possess acid phosphatase activity. D) possess amylase activity. E) all of the above

Back 12

A)are not derived from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Front 13

13) Which of the following organelles is associated with the ability to catabolize alkanes found in oil and petroleum products?

A)mitochondria

B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

C) peroxisomes

D) lysosomes

E) all of the above

Back 13

C) peroxisomes

Front 14

14) A protein that is N-glycosylated is expected to:

A)be secreted from the cell.

B) be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum.

C) be localized in the Golgi body.

D) eventually become an endosome. E) eventually become a peroxisome.

Back 14

A) be secreted from the cell.

Front 15

15) Bacterial proteins were radioactively labeled and fed to phagocytic cells. The proteins within the phagocytic cell became increasingly more radioactive over time. This observation is the result of the activity of:

A)mitochondria.

B) chloroplasts.

C) lysosomes

D) peroxisomes.

E) the Golgi apparatus.

Back 15

C) lysosomes

Front 16

16) In plants, peroxisomes associated with nitrogen fixation in legumes can be found in great abundance in:

A)leaves.

B) stems.

C) phloem and xylem.

D) cotyledons.

E) root nodules.

Back 16

E) root nodules.

Front 17

17) Which of the following is associated with extracellular digestion via release of the contents of lysosomes directly to the environment?

A)fertilization of animal eggs B)rheumatoid arthritis

C) autophagy

D)only choices A and B

E) choices A, B, and C

Back 17

A)fertilization of animal eggs B)rheumatoid arthritis

D)only choices A and B

Front 18

18) Which of the following organelles are not part of the endomembrane system?

A)peroxisomes

B) Golgi complexes

C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum D)endosomes

E) rough endoplasmic reticulum

Back 18

A)peroxisomes

Front 19

19) All of the following are true about botulinum toxin/Botox except:

A)The toxin is one of the most potent toxins known.

B) Botox is a SNARE protein.

C) It can be used therapeutically to stop muscle spasms.

D)used to remove wrinkles caused by muscle contractions.

E) It has potential use as a migraine headache treatment.

Back 19

B) Botox is a SNARE protein.

Front 20

20) You are isolating cell fractions using a variety of centrifuge techniques. You have two very similar fractions but at this point are unable to discern which fraction is peroxisomes and which is lysosomes.As a result, you need to test the fractions for unique enzyme activities. If you are looking for peroxisomes, one enzyme activity you can test for is:

A)hexokinase.

B) ATPase.

C) glucose-6-phosphatase.

D) cytochrome c oxidase.

E) catalase or oxidase

Back 20

E) catalase or oxidase

Front 21

21) If you were looking within a cell for organized clathrin structures, you would find them associated with which of the following structures?

A) lysosomes

B) trans Golgi complex

C) endoplasmic reticulum

D)inner membrane of mitochondria E) extracellular matrix

Back 21

B) trans Golgi complex

Front 22

22) You are working with cells and observe transport of your target protein within a cell. You suspect that sorting conforms to the SNARE hypothesis. You, therefore, expect:

A) to eventually identify vesicle-SNAP receptors.

B) to eventually identify transport-SNAP receptors.

C) an association with clatherin-coated pits.

D) the protein molecules were internalized by phagocytosis.

E) all of the above

Back 22

B)to eventually identify transport-SNAP receptors.

Front 23

23) In a lysosomal storage disease, the hydrolases of lysosomes are released from the cells, rather than being isolated into vesicles. What is one possible mechanism for this result?

A) A proton gradient within vesicles was not generated.

B) The ER was unable to produce lysosomal vesicles.

C) Lysosomal enzymes were not phosphorylated in the rER.

D) There is a lack of mannose-6-phosphatase activity.

E) There is a mutation in all hydrolase genes that results in loss of the signal peptide.

Back 23

D) There is a lack of mannose-6-phosphatase activity.

Front 24

24) Cells of the pancreas produce and directly release enzymes to the digestive system. The type of secretory mechanism associated with the pancreatic cells is:

A)transport secretion.

B)regulated secretion.

C) constitutive secretion. D)intracellular secretion.

E) consistent secretion.

Back 24

B)regulated secretion.

Front 25

25) Microsomes are:

A) too small to be seen with an electron microscope.

B) artifacts generated during homogenization of cells.

C) organelles through which electrons cannot pass.

D) organelles of eukaryotic cells.

E) structures observed in cyanobacteria.

Back 25

B) artifacts generated during homogenization of cells.

Front 26

26) Using the techniques of genetic engineering, you design a cytoplasmic protein you want to accumulate within the ER of yeast cells. To accomplish this goal, you need to:

A) do nothing; all proteins go through the ER.

B) incorporate the appropriate mannose-6-phosphate groups.

C) incorporate the appropriate DNA sequence with the proper signal.

D) incorporate radioactive amino acids into the protein.

E) incorporate the appropriate lipid groups into the lipoprotein.

Back 26

C) incorporate the appropriate DNA sequence with the proper signal

Front 27

27) Ribosomes that do not anchor to the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum during translation most probably:

A) are synthesizing cytoplasmic proteins.

B) have a defect in ribosomal proteins that allow attachment to the ER.

C) have a signal/trafficking error.

D) do not make the appropriate anchor protein.

E) all of the above

Back 27

A) are synthesizing cytoplasmic proteins.

Front 28

28) All of the following are part of the endomembrane system, except the:

A) Golgi body.

B) endosomes.

C) lysosomes.

D) peroxisomes

E) Neither C nor D

Back 28

D) peroxisomes

Front 29

29) You have genetically engineered a yeast cell to make a protein that will ultimately be secreted from the cell. If all is functioning well, in which order (from first to last) do you expect to find the protein inthe cell until it is secreted?

A) rER → Golgi → secretory vesicle → environment

B) rER → Golgi → sER → nucleus → environment

C) nucleus → rER → Golgi → secretory vesicle → environment

D) sER → Golgi → secretory vesicle → environment

E) rER → secretory vesicle → Golgi → environment

Back 29

A) rER → Golgi → secretory vesicle → environment

Front 30

30) Regulatory secretion of hormones would be associated with ________ at the transface of the Golgi.

A) endosomes

B) lysosomes

C) clathrin-coated vesicles

D) non-clathrin vesicles

E) microsomes

Back 30

C) clathrin-coated vesicles

Front 31

31) Oxidation of very long fatty acids occurs in the:

A)mitochondria.

B) peroxisomes.

C) lysosomes.

D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

E) residual bodies.

Back 31

B) peroxisomes.

Front 32

32) Of the following cell types, the greatest concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDLs) would be associated with ________ cells.

A) skin

B) B) muscle

C) connective tissue

D) blood

E) liver

Back 32

E) liver

Front 33

33) Uptake of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) occurs by:

A) simple diffusion.

B) bulk-phase endocytosis.

C) facilitated transport.

D) receptor-mediated endocytosis.

E) pinocytosis.

Back 33

D) receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Front 34

34) Compared with the trans-Golgi proteins, the cis-Golgi proteins would:

A) be identical.

B) be shorter in length.

C) be glycosylated and contain amino acid modifications.

D) contain sialic acid.

E) be glycosylated only.

Back 34

E) be glycosylated only.

Front 35

35) The organelle of plant cells that is analogous to the lysosome in animal cells is the:

A) vacuole.

B) triskelion.

C) microsome.

D) endosome.

E) lysosome.

Back 35

A) vacuole.

Front 36

36) The plant cell organelle analogous to the endosome is the:

A) provacuole.

B) lysosome.

C) peroxisome.

D) glycoxysome.

E) none of the above

Back 36

A) provacuole.

Front 37

37) All of the following are unique to plant cells except:

A) leaf peroxisomes.

B) glyoxysomes.

C) nodule peroxisomes.

D) peroxisomes.

E) chloroplasts.

Back 37

D) peroxisomes.

Front 38

38) All of the following statements about cellular trafficking are true except:

A) COPII-coated vesicles move materials from ER to Golgi.

B) COPI-coated vesicles move materials from Golgi to the secretory vesicle.

C) movement may be mediated by microtubules.

D) v-SNAREs occur in vesicles; t-SNAREs occur on target sites.

E) tethering proteins mediate docking between target and vesicle.

Back 38

B) COPI-coated vesicles move materials from Golgi to the secretory vesicle.

Front 39

39) Which of the following cellular processes has/have been linked to cancer/tumor formation?

A) autophagy

B) EGF desensitization

C) caveolae uptake

D) NMDA receptors

E) both choices A and B

Back 39

A) autophagy

B) EGF desensitization

E) both choices A and B

Front 40

40) Pharmacogenetics is a new field of study that arose from the study of:

A) cholesterol uptake.

B) mixed-function oxidases.

C) ATP-dependent calcium ATPases. D) phagocytosis by specifically vertebrate white blood cells. residual bodies.

Back 40

B) mixed-function oxidases.

Front 41

Name the organelle that best matches the activity:

1) test for catalase activity

Back 41

C) Mitochondria

Front 42

Name the organelle that best matches the activity:

2) test for the TCA cycle enzymes

Back 42

D) There is no appropriate match.

Front 43

Name the organelle that best matches the activity:

3) test for the presence of cytochromes

Back 43

B) mitochondria

Front 44

Name the organelle that best matches the activity:

4) look for fractions that are green

Back 44

A) peroxisomes

Front 45

5) hydroxylation of compounds including phenobarbital

Back 45

G) there is no appropriate match

Front 46

Name the organelle that best matches the activity:

5) hydroxylation of compounds including phenobarbital

Back 46

G) there is no appropriate match

Front 47

Name the organelle that best matches the activity:

6) presence of acid hydrolases

Back 47

F) lysosome

Front 48

7) ribulose bisphosphatase activity is present

Back 48

E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Front 49

Name the organelle that best matches the activity:

7) ribulose bisphosphatase activity is present

Back 49

E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Front 50

Match the organelle with the appropriate property:

8) peroxisomes

Back 50

I) β oxidation of fatty acids

Front 51

Match the organelle with the appropriate property:

9) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Back 51

E) biosynthesis of steroid hormones

Front 52

Match the organelle with the appropriate property:

10) lysosomes

Back 52

D) degradation of damaged organelles

Front 53

Match the organelle with the appropriate property:

11) Golgi apparatus

Back 53

H) sorting proteins for export or to specific organelles

Front 54

Match the organelle with the appropriate property:

12) transition vesicle

Back 54

G) transport of proteins from ER to Golgi

Front 55

Match the organelle with the appropriate property:

13) shuttle vesicle

Back 55

A) transport to various layers of Golgi

Front 56

Match the organelle with the appropriate property:

14) secretory vesicle

Back 56

J) transport from Golgi to plasma membrane

Front 57

Match the organelle with the appropriate property:

15) glyoxysomes

Back 57

C) found in plant endosperm or cotyledons

Front 58

Match the organelle with the appropriate property:

16) tethering protein

Back 58

F) binds vesicle to target membrane

Front 59

Match the organelle with the appropriate property:

17) mannose-6-phosphate

Back 59

B) mediates transfer of lysosomal enzymes into a lysosome

Front 60

1) The ________ is the organelle involved in the posttranslational modification of proteins and sorting of proteins to various intracellular and extracellular compartments.

Back 60

Answer: Golgi apparatus

Front 61

1) The ________ is the organelle involved in the posttranslational modification of proteins and sorting of proteins to various intracellular and extracellular compartments.

Back 61

Answer: Golgi apparatus

Front 62

2) A ________ is the organelle that fuses with endosomes and supplies hydrolytic enzymes necessary for the digestion of the materials within the endosome.

Back 62

Answer: Lysosome

Front 63

3) A ________ is a short sequence of amino acids that targets a protein for translation across the endoplasmic reticulum.

Back 63

Answer: signal peptide

Front 64

4) ________ is the molecule associated with receptor-mediated endocytosis that "coats" the vesicle until it is released.

Back 64

Answer: Clathrin

Front 65

5) ________ is the organelle associated with the functions of steroid biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and drug detoxification.

Back 65

Answer: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Front 66

6) ________ act as proton pumps and keep the internal proton concentration of lysosomes high.

Back 66

Answer: ATPases

Front 67

7) Exocytosis is stimulated by regional increases in ________ concentration.

Back 67

Answer: Calcium

Front 68

8) ________ are proteins associated with clathrin-coated vesicles that are involved in the binding of vesicles to specific receptors.

Back 68

Answer: Adaptins

Front 69

9) V-________ and t-________ mediate final docking between target and vesicle.

Back 69

Answer: SNARES

Front 70

10) The investigation of the movement of proteins and lipids to their appropriate location within a cell is known as ________.

Back 70

Answer: Endomembrane trafficking

Front 71

10) The investigation of the movement of proteins and lipids to their appropriate location within a cell is known as ________.

Back 71

Answer: Endomembrane trafficking

Front 72

11) The chronic use of the ________ class of drugs can result in decreased effectiveness of antibiotics, anticoagulants, and steroids.

Back 72

Answer: Barbiturate

Front 73

12) Coated vesicles known as ________ are thought to potentially be associated with cholesterol uptake and/or have a role in signal transduction.

Back 73

Answer: Caveolae

Front 74

12) Coated vesicles known as ________ are thought to potentially be associated with cholesterol uptake and/or have a role in signal transduction.

Back 74

Answer: Caveolae