Exam 2: Lecture 1

Front 1

When you have a myocardial infarcation, what are you doing to the heart? Are you making it work harder or the same?

Back 1

You killed 10% of the cells, therefore you are putting more pressure on the other cells and making them work harder

Front 2

Explain the Systemic Circuit.
Where does it bring blood to and from?

Back 2

Brings blood to and from the tissues.
Heart is in the center of the two systems.

Front 3

What color is blood when oxygenated?

Back 3

Red = oxygenated blood

Front 4

What color is blood when it is deoxygenated?

Back 4

Blue = deoxygenated blood

Front 5

Do the circuits include arteries or veins?
Why?

Back 5

Both circuits include have both arteries and veins
Because you need to carry to and from

Front 6

What side of the heart carries fully oxygenated blood?

Back 6

The left side

Front 7

Where from the heart does fully oxygenated blood come out of? Where does that oxygenated blood end up?

Back 7

Comes out of the aorta

Branches down to the capillary network going to the tissues

Front 8

After going to the tissues, where does the blood go next and how? Is the blood deoxygenated or oxygenated and by what ratio?

Back 8

The blood will go the right side of the heart, carrying deoxygenated blood. It will still have oxygen but not a 4:1 ratio

Front 9

What blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

Back 9

Arteries

Front 10

What blood vessel brings blood towards the heart?

Back 10

Veins

Front 11

What is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood? How is this?

Back 11

Pulmonary arteries
B/c we are bringing it from the heart to the lungs to get oxygenated

Front 12

What vessels carry blood from the lungs to the heart? What type of blood is it?

Back 12

Pulmonary veins
Oxygenated blood

Front 13

What is the heart primarily made out of?

Back 13

Made out of muscle

Front 14

Explain the design of the heart.

Back 14

Hollow and has chambers
Double Pump
Fibrous Skeleton
Suspended in fluid filled pericardial sac

Front 15

There are two receiving chambers, what is the name for them?

Back 15

Atria

Front 16

The right atria receives from where?

Back 16

The body

Front 17

Why does the right atria receive from the body?

Back 17

Because the right side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood and the atria are receiving so it will receive deoxygenated blood from the body

Front 18

The left atria receives from where? Why?

Back 18

Receives from the lungs
Because the left side of the heart carries oxygenated blood and atria are receivers

Front 19

What are the two pumping chambers called?

Back 19

Ventricles

Front 20

Where does the right ventricle pump to?
Why?

Back 20

Pumps to the heart
Because the right side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood and has to pump the blood somewhere

Front 21

Where does the left ventricle pump to? Why?

Back 21

It will pump to the rest of the body because the left side of the heart carries oxygenated blood and the ventricle has to pump either to the lungs or the body and it only makes sense that oxygenated blood goes to the body

Front 22

Explain the fibrous skeleton. Why does the heart need this?

Back 22

Oriented on angles to one another.
Looks like a lattice
The heart never stops pumping so the angle of cells is almost impossible to rip apart

Front 23

Explain the pericardial sac. What's another name for it? What type of tissue is it? What is the fluid named? Why is it there?

Back 23

Protector barrier
AKA: Pericardium
Thin layer of connective tissue
In between the heart wall and the pericardium, fluid kept there by the pericardium
Fluid: pericardium fluid
Lungs are right next to the heart (which are expanding and contracting) to protect the heart you have the sac (Essentially water) and acts as a cushion

Front 24

Where are the atria located?

Back 24

Top of the heart

Front 25

Where are the ventricles located?

Back 25

Bottom of the heart

Front 26

What does the AV valves separate and what is another name for them?

Back 26

Atria and Ventricles

Atrio Ventricular Valves

Front 27

Which AV valve is the tricuspid?

Back 27

Right

Front 28

Which AV valve is the bicuspid?

Back 28

Left (mi-trial)

Front 29

What does -cuspid mean?

Back 29

How many lobes when closed

Front 30

What do the semilunar valves separate?

Back 30

The ventricles from the associated blood vessels

Front 31

Which valve (a semi lunar valve ) is on the right side of the heart? What do they separate? Explain

Back 31

The Pulmonary Valve
Semi lunar valves separate ventricles from the associated blood vessel, we know that ventricles pump out and the right side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood
It separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary trunk
Therefore, it has to be the pulmonary

Front 32

Which valve (a semi lunar valve ) is on the left side of the heart? What does it separate? Explain

Back 32

The aortic
Semi lunar valves separate ventricles from the associated blood vessel, we know that ventricles pump out and the left side of the heart carries oxygenated blood
It separates the left ventricle from the aortic arch
Therefore, it has to be the aortic

Front 33

Name the order of the heart wall, include the pericardium?

Back 33

Pericardium
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

Front 34

How many layers is the actual heart wall?

Back 34

3

Front 35

Describe the epicardium? Include type of tissue

Back 35

Layer of connective tissue
Outermost layer surrounding the heart

Front 36

Describe the Myocardium? Is it the thickest or thinest?

Back 36

It is the actual heart muscle
Thickest

Front 37

Explain the endocardium? Type of tissue. Where is it located?

Back 37

Layer of connective tissue lining the inside of the heart
White layer
Lines each one of the chambers

Front 38

The 3rd circuit is named what?

Back 38

Coronary Circulation

Front 39

What is the purpose of the coronary circulation?

Back 39

Supply myocardium with blood and nutrients

Front 40

Where is the coronary circuit located?

Back 40

On the outside of the heart

Front 41

Where are the coronary arteries located and where do they arise from?

Back 41

They surround the epicardium
The arteries arise from the base of the aorta

Front 42

Where will the coronary arteries eventually go to and by what vessels?

Back 42

The tissues of the hearts by coronary capillaries

Front 43

Where do coronary veins arise from and where will they eventually go to?

Back 43

Arise from the coronary capillaries then will empty into the right atria

Front 44

What is coronary disease?

Back 44

Disease of the blood vessels surrounding the heart

Front 45

Describe Angina Pectorallis

Back 45

Temporary halt in blood delivery
Fat develops as a plaque on the inside of the arteries = obstruction
This plaque causes a narrow opening and now spasms of pumping

Front 46

What does angina pectoralis cause in the arteries?

Back 46

A narrow opening due to plaque build up

Front 47

What is another name for a myocardial infarcation?

Back 47

Heart Attack

Front 48

What type of cells are myocardium? What does that mean?

Back 48

Amitotic
(A - mitotic)
They cannot undergo mitosis, therefore once they die, they will not be able to form new ones

Front 49

What is another name for a myocardial infarcation?

Back 49

Heart Attack

Front 50

What type of cells are myocardium? What does that mean?

Back 50

Amitotic
(A - mitotic)
They cannot undergo mitosis, therefore once they die, they will not be able to form new ones

Front 51

How many cells does a myocardial infarcation kill?

Back 51

About 10%

Front 52

If you have a myocardial infarcation, what do the dead cells develop as? Can they work the same?

Back 52

Scar tissue
No, they are non contractile

Front 53

When you have a myocardial infarcation, what are you doing to the heart? Are you making it work harder or the same?

Back 53

You killed 10% of the cells, therefore you are putting more pressure on the other cells and making them work harder