Exam 2-Into. To Theatre

Front 1

The developmental/anthropological theories rituals rose from this?

Back 1

Dithyramb

Front 2

This man is credited with the Creative Act or Leap Theory?

Back 2

Thespis

Front 3

Magical thinking relies on this?

Back 3

1. Superstition

2. Talismans

3. Karma

Front 4

This is any ritual action in which one attempts to control or influence the behavior of an animal, deity, person, or the outcome of a situation. This is also magic that makesuse of the rule that anything owned or use by a person retains a magical link to person even when separated from that person. Or performing symbolically what you would llike the outcome of the magic to be:

Back 4

Sympathetic Magic

Front 5

This believes that the imitation of an event will bring that event to pass and attempts to cocntrol the world lead to rituals?

Back 5

Sympathetic Magic

Front 6

What are the types of plays that describe the seasons?

Back 6

1. Mortification=Winter

2. Purgation=Early Spring

3. Invigoration=Spring/Summer

4. Jubiliation=Late Summer/Fall

Front 7

This is the season where nothing much is going on, our deal with God has expired? Known as statis:

Back 7

Mortification=Winter

Front 8

This is the period of penance, cleansing to make a new deal with God?

Back 8

Purgation=Early Spring

Front 9

This is the most imporation period, the period of birth/resurrection?

Back 9

Invigoration=Spring/Summer

Front 10

This is the period where the season is celebrated/give thanks:

Back 10

Jubilitation=Late Summer/Fall

Front 11

The first evidence of theatre like rituals were:

Back 11

1. Memphite Plays in 3100 BC

2. Abydos Passion Play in 1850 BC

Front 12

This is the Egyptian god who ruled wisely and once murdered by his brother his body was cut in pieces and scattered. His wife Isis and son avenged his murder and gathered his pieces for pilgrimage relics, thus making the first mummy. He rose from teh dead to win bak his throne and establish a cult of worship?

Back 12

Osiris

Front 13

An example of a Greek theatre that is still accoustically sound is:

Back 13

Epidarus

Front 14

This was closely associated with polytheistic religion and celebrated rituals for individual gods?

Back 14

Greek Theatre

Front 15

This was the god of wine and fertifility, was a child of Zeus, was turned into a goat. His symbols include goats, panthers, grapes, vines, wine, phallus etc. Honored in festival in late spring (time of rebirth)?

Back 15

Dionysus

Front 16

This is any ritual associated with worshipping a particular god. The trance induction that was central to the cult involved not only chemical intoxication, but also the invocation of spirit by means of the bull roarer and estatic communal dancing to drum and pipe. Similar to raves and Afro-American Voodoo?

Back 16

Dionysian Mysteries

Front 17

This was the ritualistic, liberating worship of Dionysus?

Back 17

Maenadism

Front 18

The female version of dancers in the Maenadism who danced more frantically than the men were known as?

Back 18

Maeneds.

Front 19

The actors in Dionysian Mysteries were dressed as satyrs in goatskins and for this reason they were called?

Back 19

Tragoi aka goats

Front 20

The 50 men who performed together in Dionysian Mysteries performed an epic poem called the?

Back 20

Dithyramb

Front 21

The Greek poem was never read or spoken but rather?

Back 21

Intoned

Front 22

This originated from the dithyramb?

Back 22

Drama

Front 23

Developmental/anthropological theatre developed out of this?

Back 23

Ritual

Front 24

Several men in a short period of time made creative leaps that created this?

Back 24

True Theatre

Front 25

This person is claimed to be the first person ever to appear on stage as an "actor". In other sources, he is said to have introduced the first actor in additional to the chorus?

Back 25

Thespis of Icaria (6th Century BC)

Front 26

According to Aristotle, Thespis was a singer of dythyrambs. Thespis introduced a new style in which one singer or actor performed the words of individual characters in the story, distinguishing b/w them with the aid of different masks. This style was called?

Back 26

Tragedy

Front 27

Thespis won the first documented tragedy competition that was held where?

Back 27

The City Dionysia in Athens

Front 28

Traits of Greek Theatre Include:

Back 28

1. closely associate with religion

2. performed on special occassions only (only 3 festivals in the beginning that featured theatre)

3. It was competitive

4. It was subsidized

5. It was choral

Front 29

Dionysian Play Festivals usually had this:

Back 29

1. 3 tragedies

2. 1 satyr

3. 5 comedies

Front 30

This was a wealthy sponsor who wold pay for costumes, mask, props, 3 principal actors, musicians, chorus in the sum of 3,000 dr. or more?

Back 30

Choregos

Front 31

These were kept secret until the first day of the play?

Back 31

Topics

Front 32

The annoucement of the titles and topics of the Dionysian plays and preparations for the grand procession was known as?

Back 32

Proagon

Front 33

This was the grand procession that included wineskins, phalloi, bulls to sacrifice (in 333bc ALONE, 240 were sacrificed), women and children participated as well as foreigners?

Back 33

Pompe

Front 34

This began as praise to Dionysus, including sacrifices and dances. As progressed chants became versesand the Greek alphabet was deceloped. Eulogies and odes became plays. Drama acquired masks?

Back 34

Greek Drama

Front 35

This dictated the shape and size of early theatres?

Back 35

The chorus

Front 36

This person was a soldier, playwright who began competing in festivals in 499 and wone a total of 13 times. He wrote 80 plays,7 of which survived including "The Persians". Credited with introducing the second actor?

Back 36

Aeschylus

Front 37

This person wrote more than 120 plays, but only 7 have survived. He wrote Oedipus and Antigone. Wone the festival 24 times and is credited with introducing the 3rd Actor, painted scenery and setting the chorus to a fixed number of 15?

Back 37

Sophocles (considered the best playwright in Greek times)

Front 38

This person wrote 90 plays of which 18 survived. Wrote Medea, Hecuba, and The Trojan Women (#1 performed play in recovering war zones, the women were divided as tokens to solidiers). Not well respected in lifetime. Topics were considered inappropriate?

Back 38

Euripides

Front 39

These plays essentially poked fun of the gods. Given the name b/c the men dressed as half-goat creatures?

Back 39

Satyr Plays

Front 40

These were satirical in nature?

Back 40

Satyr Plays

Front 41

Greeks were opposed to this but not this?

Back 41

1. Violence

2. Sex

Front 42

Romans are known for?

Back 42

1. Engineering (Roman Arch, Aquaducts, Mail System)

2. Politics (First democracy, senate)

3. Conquest (took over much of Europe)

4. Recognizing a good idea: Architecture, Art, Theatre, Gladiators

Front 43

In 800 BC these people took over Rome and brought about music and gladitatorial combat?

Back 43

The Etruscans

Front 44

Around 500 BC the Etruscan rule was expelled and this occured?

Back 44

Rome became a republic

Front 45

By 240 BC Greek Theatre was familiar to Romans, translated into Latin and brought both comedy and tragedy to Rome by?

Back 45

Livius Andonicus

Front 46

This is considered the beginning of Roman theatre and where the first record of drama occurred?

Back 46

Ludi Romani (Roman Festival or Games)

Front 47

By 345 AD there were how many Roman Festivals?

Back 47

175 per year, with 101 devoted to theatre

Front 48

The Ludi Romani was held in September and honored this God?

Back 48

Jupiter (Greece's Zeus)

Front 49

In 55 BC the first stone theatre was built in Rome by?

Back 49

Julius Caesar

Front 50

Sea battles are known as?

Back 50

Naumachia

Front 51

In Rome theatre acted to do this?

Back 51

Keep people busy so they would not plot against rulers. Never a place of worship but rather one of debauchery.

Front 52

Ways Roman theatre differred from Greek includes:

Back 52

1. Borrowed Greek ideas and improved on them

2. Less philosophical

3. Entertainment tended to be grandiose, sentimental, divisionary

4. Actors were called histrones

5. Afforded bread and circuses to the masses

Front 53

Traits unique to Roman theatre included:

Back 53

1. Huge amount of people created sound problems, as audience would not remain quiet.

2. Parts were always played by men or young boys.

3. Sometimes one actor would recite lines and another would gesture.

4. Romans were blood thirsty

5. Emperors such as Nero would use theatre as a way to show off their own talents. Nero was known to not let anyone leave until he stopped singing, even if it happened for many hours.

Front 54

Roman theatre structures were similar to Greek except for:

Back 54

1. Scaenae frons and mansion staging

2. Orchestra is smaller and chorus not important

3. Orchestra becomes half circle

4. Stage raised to 5 feet and most were large 20-40 ft deep, 100-300 ft long, and could seat 10-15,000 people

5. Typically contained 3 doors in the rear wall and at least 1 in the wings (Mansion, temple, brothel)

6. Stage was covered with a roof

7. Dressing rooms in side wings

8. Trap doors were common

9. Awning over audience to protect from sun

10. Around 78BC cooling system developed to have air blow over streams of water.

Front 55

This is the faced of the stage house that had columns, niches, porticos, and statues?

Back 55

Scaena frons

Front 56

These are 3 sided pops that could rotate to change scenes and were used by the Romans and still today?

Back 56

Periaktoi

Front 57

Roman theatre was known for spectacular effects such as:

Back 57

1. Many performers (Cicero accounts 600 mules, 3000 bowls used in one performance)

2. Mechanical lifts for animals

3. Traps

4. Somewhat realistic 3-d scenery.

Front 58

This playwright was known for his comedic plots, similiar to sitcoms today. They were baudy and risque and known for episodic plots, sight gags, wordplay, and breaking 4th wall. He has 21 surviving plays and was believed to have written 130+ in total. Plays included: Pot of Gold, The Menaechmi, and Braggart. Known for adding Roman allusion, Latin dialog, varied poetic memters, and witty jokes?

Back 58

Titus Maccius PLATUS

Front 59

This is dialog with short lines, like a tennis match?

Back 59

Stychomythia

Front 60

This playwright was born in Carthage (North Africa) and came to Rome as a boy sloave. He was educated and freed. Had subtle comedy and used it to make moral and philosophical statements. Had complex plots that combined stories from Greek originals. Chracter and double plots were his forte. B/c his were more cerebral they were less popular than others. Wrote 6 plays, all of which survived. Known for: "The Brothers, Mother-in-Law"?

Back 60

Publis Terenius Afer (Terence)

Front 61

Shakespeare mentions two of this playwrights works in Hamlet?

Back 61

Terence

Front 62

Characteristics of a Roman Comedy include:

Back 62

1. Chorus was abandoned

2. No act or scene divisions

3. Songs

4. Everyday domestic affairs

5. Action placed in the street

Front 63

Archetypes (Stock Characters) include:

Back 63

1. Randy old miser-Senex

2. Young lover

3. Clever slave

4. Mistress

5. Bragging soldier-Miles Gloriosus

Front 64

These were never popular with the Romans?

Back 64

Tragedies

Front 65

This person was known for doing closet dramas-that were never presented or even expected to be. Had 9 surviving tragedies, 5 of which were adapted from Euripdes. He was Nero's tutor and advisor. Committed suicide in 65 AD. Wrote The Trojan Women, Media, Oedipus, Agamemnon, all based on Greek originals?

Back 65

Lucius Annaeus Seneca

Front 66

The characteristics of a Roman (Senecan) Tragedy:

Back 66

1. 5 episodes/acts divided by choral odes aka elaborate speeches

2. interest in morality

3. violence and horror onstage (ex: Jocasta rips open her womb)

4. Characters dominated by a singl passion-obsessive-drives them to doom.

5. Use to technical devices such as Soliloquies, asides, and confidants.

6. Interest in supernatural

Front 67

This is a solo dance with music (lutes, pipes, cymbals) and a chorus. Used masks, story-telling, mythology or historical stories, usually serious but sometimes comic, but done in silence?

Back 67

Pantomime

Front 68

This overtook/dominated after 2nd century ad and is: spoken, usually short, sometimes elaborate casts and spectacle, serious or comic (satiric), no masks, had women, ciolence and sex depicted literally), scoffed at Christianity, and was not favored by the church?

Back 68

Mime

Front 69

This ruler ordered realistic sex scenes in mimes?

Back 69

Heliogabalus

Front 70

This person wrote large works on architecture; uncluding theatres and scenery?

Back 70

Vitruvius

Front 71

Vitruvius is known for these 3 types of scenery?

Back 71

1. Tragic: Palaces and temples

2. Comic: apartments and rude dwellings of common people

3. Satyr: meadows and forests where nymphs and satyrs dwell.

Front 72

These are when you speak thoughts aloud?

Back 72

Soliloquies

Front 73

This is a theoretician and poet who wrote Ars Poetica (The Art of Poetry). Had little influence during his time but a great influence during the Renaissance. Interprested Aristotle's Poetics but less theoretical and more practice-oriented

Back 73

Horace

Front 74

Horace is known for:

Back 74

1. Unities of Time, Place, and Action)

2. Genre separation, language use in tragedy and comedy

3. Reiterates the idea that theatre should teach

Front 75

This is a play that should have one main action that it follows, with no or few subplots?

Back 75

Unity of Action

Front 76

This is a play that should cover a single physical space and should not attempt to compress geography, nor should the stage represent more than one place?

Back 76

Unity of Place

Front 77

This is a play where the action should take place over no more than 24 hours?

Back 77

Unity of Time

Front 78

27BC-395AD marks this?

Back 78

The End of the Roman Empire

Front 79

Constantine recognizes Christianity with this in 313 AD?

Back 79

Edict of Milan

Front 80

The Roman empire was divided into East and West by this time?

Back 80

4th century ad

Front 81

In 330AD the Roman capital was moved from Rome to? Thus transforming Rome into backwater territory.

Back 81

Constantinople

Front 82

By 400 AD this had occurred? By 404AD? By 523 AD?

Back 82

1. Festivals defunct

2. No gladiators

3. No ventiones (animal fights)

Front 83

By the 6th century Constantine had made this legal?

Back 83

Christianity

Front 84

This emperor in the 6th century made an other worship illegal?

Back 84

Theodosius

Front 85

Church opposed the Roman theatre because:

Back 85

1. Association with pagan gods

2. Immoral

3. Ridicule of church by mimes

Front 86

The Roman empire began to see decay from within and without from these people?

Back 86

barbarians

Front 87

This time shows the last record of a performance in the Roman empire?

Back 87

533 AD

Front 88

These are some results of the Dark Ages?

Back 88

1. Due to lack of travel, information didn't travel and thus feudal states developed (small kingdoms)

2. Lack of education occurred. Only the clergy were educated

Front 89

After the Romans Western European entertainment consisted of?

Back 89

1. Dancing Bears and Jugglers

2. Animal Acts

3. Acrobatics

Front 90

This region didn't see the dark ages and kept theatre intact?

Back 90

Eastern Roman Empire (Istanbul/Turkey)

Front 91

This was the first official strike against theatre that occured in 401AD?

Back 91

Council of Carthage

Front 92

The Council of Carthage led to this?

Back 92

1. Actors being denied sacrament

2. Sunday theatre attendence would get you excommunicated

Front 93

Plays were banned again in 692Ad via?

Back 93

Trullan Synod

Front 94

Rules of the Trullan Synod included?

Back 94

1. No cheese on the sabbath

2. No eating in church

3. Priests may not have maids

4. No horses in church unless you are a traveler

5. No communion could be given to dead people

Front 95

Thetre performers were affected by the Trullan Synod in this way:

Back 95

1. considered outlaws

2. frequently jailed, burned at the stake, beaten

3. can't use theatre facilities, no civic support, illegal

Front 96

In 800AD Pope Leo II crowns this person as emperor of the Holy Roman Empire?

Back 96

Charlemagne

Front 97

Charlemagne led Western Europe into a small cultural revival. What did this mean for theatre?

Back 97

In order to exist it must further the aims of the church.

Front 98

The first major religious production that helped revive theatre was?

Back 98

3 Marys at a Tomb "Whom Do You Seek" (Quem-Quaeritis)

Front 99

Biblical Plays relied on this?

Back 99

Symbols and Emblems

Front 100

This was the German nun and first ever recorded female playwright who wrote original morality plays imitating the work of Terence. She justified this by stating that his plays were more polished and elegant than the holy scripture?

Back 100

Hrotswitha

Front 101

The 3 types of Medieval Plays include:

Back 101

1. Mystery Plays

2. Miracle Plays

3. Morality Plays

Front 102

These were tales from the bible (Noah/Daniel) and passion plays (suffering, trials, and death)?

Back 102

Mystery Plays

Front 103

These are plays about the lives of saints and matyrs?

Back 103

Miracle Plays

Front 104

These are plays that present a moral lesson?

Back 104

Morality Plays

Front 105

In 1210 the Pope decrees that these people may not act and this leads to to the common man getting more involved in theatre?

Back 105

Priests

Front 106

Secularized Liturgical Dramas included this?

Back 106

1. Platforms along the wall of the church

2. Mansion Staging (3 doors)

3. Becomes more secular

4. Throughout the 13th century productions move outdoors.

Front 107

These are plays based of mystery plays and were created when in 1264 Pope Urban IV declares Corpus Christi Day as a high holy day to have all mystery plays done in order from creation to second coming, thus creating this?

Back 107

Cycle Plays

Front 108

These are presented on a large wagon that is paraded through town and often produced by trade and craft guilds (such as the Crucifixtion being done by carpenters) without the churches guidance?

Back 108

Cycle Plays

Front 109

This is considered the best play from the Wakefield Cycle (1425-1450 and was the 3rd our of 32 in the cycle?

Back 109

Noah and his Sons

Front 110

This is the town in Germany that while conducting a cycle play made a vow to God to put on the play througout time (every 10 years) if he would spare their town from the plague. They have never missed a time except twice. Once in 1940 b/c of WWII. It is the longest running play in history at over 400 years old?

Back 110

Oberammergau

Front 111

The political comedy of the classical period that contains social or political satire is known as?

Back 111

Old Comedy

Front 112

This is the known as the scene house and in Ancient Greek theatre was added at the edge of the orchestra opposite the audience?

Back 112

Skene

Front 113

This was a movable platform capable of being rolled or rotated out of the skene to reveal the result of offstage action?

Back 113

Eccyclema

Front 114

This was a crane that allowed people and things to fly in and out in Ancient Greek theatre?

Back 114

Mechane

Front 115

This period saw the Greek empire house in Alexandria Egypt?

Back 115

The Hellenistic Period

Front 116

This was the only theatrical entertainment in Greece or Rome to include women?

Back 116

Mime

Front 117

These are rites and public worship?

Back 117

Liturgy

Front 118

In the stage area a neutral, generalized playing space is known as a?

Back 118

Platea

Front 119

What is another name for cycle plays?

Back 119

Cosmic Dramas

Front 120

Secular Drama Included:

Back 120

1. Street Pageants and Entries

2. Roman Plays

3. Farces

4. Morality Plays

Front 121

This is the protagonist whose name means "Disbander of Armies". She organizes and successfully prosecutes a panhellenic conspiracy of citizen wives that force chief combatants (Athens and Sparta) ad their allies to negotiate settlement of war and make a promise to never fight again?

Back 121

Lysistrata

Front 122

What was Lysistrata's plan to end the war?

Back 122

1. Have Athens and Spartan wives withhold sex from husbands.

2. Have the older women occupy the Athenian citadel (Acropolis) and it treasury so the war could not be funded.

Front 123

This is the antagonist who is portrayed as prosecuting the war to make a profit at the expense of the demos and it's fighting men?

Back 123

Magistrate

Front 124

This is one of the Athenian wives and the first to show up and support Lysistrata?

Back 124

Calonice

Front 125

This is the young Athenian wife married to Rod?

Back 125

Myrrhine

Front 126

This is Myrrhine's husband who helps to settle the war after his wife withholds sex?

Back 126

Rod Balling from Bangtown

Front 127

This is the Spartan woman who leads the women on her side and speaks with a thick accent different from those in Athens?

Back 127

Lampito

Front 128

What is another name for the warriors in Lysistrata?

Back 128

Ambassadors

Front 129

This is the name used for the naked girl that was used to represent the map of Greece and whose body represented the divided lands after the cease in fighting?

Back 129

Reconicliation

Front 130

What did the women use to make an oath to no longer have sex with their husbands until the war ended?

Back 130

A large bottle of red bordeaux