Exam 2 Flash Cards

Front 1

Iron and nickel sank to the center of the Earth in its development due to the influence of

Back 1

gravity

Front 2

The interior of the Earth is composed of

Back 2

concentric shells of different materials

Front 3

The Earth’s core contains high concentrations of

Back 3

iron and nickel

Front 4

The outermost shell of the Earth is called the

Back 4

crust

Front 5

Density is usually expressed as

Back 5

grams per cubic centimeter

Front 6

Primary productivities are generally high in the_____ latitude zone.

Back 6

high

Front 7

The ocean was formed:

Back 7

about 4.3 billion years ago.

Front 8

All of the following components are found inside of the Earth EXCEPT:

Back 8

mantle

Correct!

*middle core

outer core

inner core

Front 9

Sources of terrigenous sediments includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Back 9

Fecal pellets.- Correct!

wind transporting sand and dust.

volcanic ash.

rivers.

Front 10

Which is FALSE statement? Dover’s white cliffs are:

Back 10

siliceous ooze.

Front 11

One cubic meter of which of these would weigh the most? (granite,basalt rock, or seawater.)

Back 11

basaltic rock

Front 12

Radiolarians and diatoms are both examples of:

Back 12

organisms that form siliceous oozes.

Front 13

In the process of lithification, sediments:

Back 13

are converted into solid rock by heat and pressure.

Front 14

All of the following statements are true concerning subduction zones EXCEPT:

Back 14

they are belts of deep-focus earthquakes.

they are zones where old seafloor descends into the crust and mantle.

Correct!

they are sites where lithospheric plates are diverging or pulling apart.

Front 15

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding sediments?

Back 15

Sand, silt and clay are important as types of marine sediments.

Correct!

Well-sorted sediments are composed of particles of various sizes.

Poorly-sorted sediments occur in an environment where energy fluctuates over a wide spectrum.

Front 16

Oceans are more productive towards their centers.

Back 16

False

Front 17

The two basic rock types that characterize the Earth’s crust are _______.

Back 17

granite;basalt

Front 18

The axis of the mid-ocean ridges is segmented by a series of _______.

Back 18

transform faults

Front 19

All of today’s land masses were joined together in the mega-continent of Pangaea about _________ million years ago.

Back 19

150 to 200

Front 20

Net primary productivity is the amount of ________ fixed by photosynthesis that exceeds the respiration demands of the plant and goes into growth.

Back 20

carbon

Front 21

As a rule of thumb, the compensation depth for phytoplankton in the ocean is often assumed to coincide with light levels that are about _________ of those at the surface.

Back 21

1%

Front 22

Which of the following is typically a top predator in the oceanic world?

Back 22

Shark

Front 23

Which of the following are the primary producers?

Back 23

algae

Front 24

Biological productivity in polar seas tends to be limited by _________________.

Back 24

solar energy

Front 25

If 1000 grams of copepods were consumed in entirety by anchovy (secondary consumer), how much biomass would you expect for anchovy stock from that area?

Back 25

100 g - answer is correct as only 10% of the matter and energy will be availble for build up of the biomass and rest will be lost as heat and kinetic energy

Front 26

Limiting factors of corals include

Back 26

water depth.

salinity.

temperature.

Correct!

all of above.

Front 27

The large biomass of coral reefs is supported by

Back 27

mutualism between corals and zooxanthellae.

Front 28

Fire corals are found mainly in:

Back 28

reef crest

Front 29

In rock form, the calcium carbonate of coral reefs is called _______.

Back 29

limestone

Front 30

Reef coral growth is normally restricted to water depths of less than ________ m.

Back 30

30

Front 31

The most accurate term for the relationship between zooxanthellae and coral is _______.

Back 31

mutualism

Front 32

Circular or oval reefs surrounding a central lagoon are called _______.

Back 32

atolls

Front 33

Reefs that are separated from the mainland by a lagoon are called _______.

Back 33

barrier reefs

Front 34

Reefs which form limestone shorelines around islands and the tropical areas of continents are called _______.

Back 34

fringing reefs

Front 35

Coral reefs typically require water temperatures of at least _____ C for optimal growth

Back 35

20 degrees

Front 36

Marine mammals are covered with a thick layer of fat called _______.

Back 36

blubber

Front 37

Toothed whales are belonging to the order ________.

Back 37

Cetacea

Front 38

The blue whale is included in ________.

Back 38

baleen whales (Mysticeti)