Exam 2 Fas

Front 1

What are the 4 key aspects of critical thinking?

Back 1

•solve problems

•calculate likelihood

•weigh evidence

•make decisions

-also consider, reasoning, analyzing arguments, assessing assumptions, considering claims

Hint 1

SCWM

Front 2

Argument:

Back 2

Connected series of statements intended to establish a point

Front 3

Reasoning:

Back 3

gives you the ability to reach a conclusion from one or more arguments

Front 4

Assessing assumptions:

Back 4

Things you take for granted that can limit your assumptions

Front 5

Be wary of claims that:

Back 5

•made by a party who stands to gain

•do not have a clear source

•anecdotal experience that the person Claims is the norm

•bandwagon appeal

•Mislead with statistics

Front 6

Straw man

Back 6

Fallacy.

Overstate opponents argument to make it easier to attack

Front 7

Shifting burden of proof:

Back 7

Fallacy.

Person making the statement forces the contender to provide evidence in the contrary

Front 8

False cause and effect

Back 8

Fallacy

Attributing blame to unrelated cause (because of correlation)

Front 9

Personal attack

Back 9

Fallacy

Off message. Attacks credentials of the individual

Front 10

Unwarranted assumptions

Back 10

Fallacy

Taking too much for granted without evidence

Front 11

Emotional appeal

Back 11

Appealing to strong emotions to prove a point

Front 12

False authority

Back 12

Person who is presented as an authority, who is not

Front 13

Hasty conclusions

Back 13

Jump to a convenient solution

Front 14

Oversimplification/overgeneralization

Back 14

Simple solution to a complex problem

Front 15

Either/or thinking

Back 15

Taking extreme positions when other options are available.

Front 16

What are the 7 steps to problem solving?

Back 16

1. Define your problem

2. Brainstorm possible solutions

3 set criteria to evaluate each option

4. Evaluate each option using your criteria

5. Choose your best solution

6. Plan how you’re going to achieve the solution

7. Implement solution, evaluate results

Hint 16

D, B, S, E, C, P, I

Front 17

decision making styles: Directive

Back 17

Prefer structure using practical data to make a decision

-in the here and now

Front 18

decision making styles: Analytical

Back 18

Search data carefully, take time

-often get hung up on over-analyzing

Front 19

decision making styles: conceptual

Back 19

Emphasize the big picture

-adaptable, insightful, flexible. Tend to be called idealistic.

Creative types

Front 20

decision making styles: behavioral

Back 20

Emphasize people, using feelings to assess the situation

-have a difficult time making decisions that effect other people

Front 21

Metacognition:

Back 21

Thinking about how we think.

-analyze strengths and weaknesses, coming up with better ways to do it

Front 22

Inductive arguments:

Back 22

Start from specific observations and go to general conclusions

Front 23

Deductive arguments:

Back 23

Start from broad generalizations and end in specific conclusions

Front 24

4 ways to become a more creative thinker

Back 24

1. Thought time- take opportunities to be creative. Mix ideas.

2. Play time. - have fun

3. Flex time-spend time doing things you are interested in. (Google employees spend 20% of time!)

4. Networking time-make connections with people who are different than you

Front 25

What does social exchange theory say about relationships?

Back 25

We seek interactions with people that provide a maximum reward for minimum cost

Front 26

3 criteria for evaluating relationships:

Back 26

Expectations, perceptions, investments

Front 27

Criterion Level (CL)

Back 27

What we believe we deserve based on past experiences

Front 28

Comparison level for Alternatives (CLalt)

Back 28

Outcome of leaving your current relationship for the best alternative

Front 29

Nature of CL &CLalt in a relationship

Back 29

They fluctuate!

We start to expect more when we are in a happy relationship

Sociocultural influences have raised our expectations

Front 30

Approach motivation:

Back 30

We pursue pleasure with the motivation to feel good

Front 31

Avoidance motivation

Back 31

We avoid undesirable experiences; motivation to reduce negative emotions like anxiety and sadness

Front 32

Precarious Relationship:

Back 32

Approach goals fulfilled, avoidance goals thwarted

Front 33

Boring Relationships

Back 33

Avoidance goals fulfilled, approach goals thwarted

Front 34

Flourishing relationship:

Back 34

Avoidance and approach goals are fulfilled

Front 35

Distressed relationships:

Back 35

Avoidance and approach goals are thwarted

Front 36

Attributions:

Back 36

Our explanation of events

-we identify causes of events, and emphasize or minimize certain influences

Front 37

Attributions: internal/external influences

Back 37

Influences are internal (personality) or external (situation/circumstance)

Front 38

Attributions: stable vs unstable

Back 38

Stable is a lasting trait, or unstable is a temporary mood

Front 39

Attributions: controllable vs uncontrollable

Back 39

If we can manage it, it is controllable. If it is out of our hands it is uncontrollable

Front 40

Actor/observer effects:

Back 40

People generate different explanations for their own actions rather than similar actions done by other people

Front 41

Self-serving biases:

Back 41

Lead people to see themselves as responsible for the good that happens to them, and blameless for the bad.

(In relationships it’s always the other persons fault!)

Front 42

Proportional Justice:

Back 42

Each partner gains benefits from the relationship that are proportional to their contributions

Front 43

Communal Relationships:

Back 43

Partners feel a special concern for others well-being and provide favors/support without expecting repayment

Front 44

Exchange relationships:

Back 44

People do favors for others expecting comparable benefits

Front 45

Equitable Relationships:

Back 45

Relationships that are nice, but also fair