Exam 2 , Ch. 5.5-8.5

Front 1

gene

Back 1

discrete unit of inheritance

Front 2

nucleic acids

Back 2

polymers made of monomers called nucleotides

Front 3

polynucleotides

Back 3

nucleic acids that are macromolecules that exist as polymers

Front 4

nucleotides

Back 4

monomer consisting of a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, & one or more phosphate group

Front 5

pyrimidine

Back 5

nitrogenous base with one six-membered ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms (C,T,U)

Front 6

purine

Back 6

nitrogenous base with a six-membered ring fused to a five membered ring (A,G)

Front 7

deoxyribose

Back 7

sugar that lacks an oxygen atom on the second carbon ring; found in DNA

Front 8

ribose

Back 8

sugar found in RNA

Front 9

double helix

Back 9

two polynucleotides of the DNA molecules that spiral around an imaginary axis

Front 10

antiparallel

Back 10

the two sugar-phosphate backbones run in opposite directions from each other

Front 11

light microscope

Back 11

microscope where visible light is passed through the specimen and then through glass lenses that refract the light to magnify the specimen

Front 12

organelles

Back 12

membrane-enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells

Front 13

electron microscope

Back 13

microscope that focuses a beam of electrons through the specimen or onto its surface

Front 14

scanning electron microscope

Back 14

microscope that studies the topography of specimen that excites electrons on the surface and the secondary electrons are detected and translated into a patter of electrons

Front 15

transmission electron microscope

Back 15

microscope used to study the internal structure of cells by aiming an electron beam through a very thin section of the specimen that has been stained with atoms of a heavy metal that enhance the electron density of specific parts of the cell

Front 16

cell fractionation

Back 16

the studying of cell structure and function that takes cells apart and separates major organelles and other sub cellular structures

Front 17

cytosol

Back 17

semifluid that suspends sub cellular components

Front 18

eukaryotic cell

Back 18

cell where DNA is in the nucleus

Front 19

prokaryotic cell

Back 19

DNA is concentrated in the nucleoid that is not membrane enclosed

Front 20

nucleoid

Back 20

non-membrane bounded region in a prokaryotic cell where the DNA is concentrated

Front 21

cytoplasm

Back 21

found in the interior of a cell; region between the nucleus and plasma membrane that suspends organelles in a eukaryotic cell

Front 22

plasma membrane

Back 22

functions as the selective barrier that allows passage of enough oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to service the entire cell