Exam 2 Bio 2 Chap 32 Animal Diversity

Front 1

animal characteristics

Back 1

- Are heterotrophs
-Are multicellular, without cell walls, and cells of all animals (except sponges)are organized into tissues
-Most are able to move
-Are very diverse in form and habitat
-Most reproduce sexually
- Have a characteristic pattern of embryonic development (have Hox genes)

Front 2

Traditional classification of animals are based on what 4 characteristics?

Back 2

type of symmetry, pattern of embryonic development, presences or absence of a true body cavity, and presence or absence of certain types of tissue

Front 3

animals

Back 3

suggested ancestor was choanoflagellates; are monophyletic; their cells lack rigid cell walls and are flexible; they can move more rapidly and in more complex ways than members in other eukaryotic kingdoms; they develop from a zygote in a characteristic embryonic development; and their millions of species show great diversity in size, form, structure, and habitat.

Front 4

while eukaryotic cells appeared ~2.5 billion years ago, when did bilateral invertebrates appear?

Back 4

bilateral invertebrates didn't appear until ~590 million years ago;

Front 5

what is The best defining characteristic of animals?

Back 5

the nature of their small subunit rRNA gene sequences is different

Front 6

what follows path of zygote --> morula --> blastula --> gastrula

Back 6

typical ANIMAL embryonic development

Front 7

germ layers

Back 7

Embryonic layers that have different developmental potentials

Front 8

The endoderm forms THE_____ the ectoderm forms part of the ______and the ______, and the mesoderm forms ______ and most internal organs.

Back 8

The endoderm forms the GUT, the ectoderm forms part of the NERVOUS SYSTEM and the EPIDERMIS, and the mesoderm forms MUSCLES and most internal organs.

Front 9

Diploblastic and triploblastic animals

Back 9

diploblastic have two germ layers (endoderm and ectoderm) and triploblastic have three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm)

Front 10

_______ are characterized by a plane of symmetry that forms mirror images around a vertical plane in the midline...confers anterior and posterior areas and allows for greater efficiency in movement for seeking food and mates;

_______ are characterized with radial symmetry;
Symmetrical body plans first evolved in the phylum Cnidaria

Back 10

Bilateria and Radiata

Front 11

Parazoa and Eumetazoa

Back 11

Parazoa lack symmetry, have no true tissues or organs;

Eumetazoa have symmetry and more than one type of true tissues and organs

Front 12

WHAT IS concentration of sensory organs on the anterior end of the body?

Back 12

cephalization

Front 13

chordate

Back 13

animal with notochord (flexible rod-shaped body)

Front 14

3 body plans for bilateral symmetrical animals

Back 14

- Acoelomates have no body cavity
- Coelomates have a fluid filled body cavity lined with mesodermal cells and develops entirely within the mesoderm
- pseudocoelomate animal has a body cavity (called a pseudocoelom) located between endoderm (inner layer) and mesoderm (outer layer)

Front 15

WHAT IS THE dominant animal phyla on land?

Back 15

Mollusca, Arthropoda (phyla with the greatest number of species), Chordata

Front 16

animal evolutionary transitions

Back 16

radial to bilateral symmetry; no body cavity to body cavity; unsegmented to segmented bodies, and protostome to deuterostome development

Front 17

allows development of a complete embryo from each of the cells harvested from an 8 cell embryo

Back 17

indeterminate cleavage

Front 18

Indeterminate cleavage is seen in deuterstomes while protostomes have______

Back 18

determinate cleavage.

Front 19

undergo spiral cleavage; animals in which the mouth develops from the blastopore and the anus develops from the second opening

Back 19

protostomes

Front 20

evolved from protostomes; triploblastic; dividing cells on a radius from the polar axis; are bilateral symmetrical; blastopore becomes anus and mouth develops later; indeterminate development meaning any cell from embryo (up to 8 cell embryo) can develop into a complete organism; are coelomates with coelom produced by invagination of archenteron

Back 20

deuterostome

Front 21

coelom evolution

Back 21

led to hydrostatic skeleton development; that led to circulatory system solving problem of barrier to diffusion created by GUT SURROUNDED BY TISSUE.
Coelomates are animals with a true coelom.

Front 22

A true coelom is completely enclosed by _______whereas a pseudocoelom has an outer layer of _______ and an inner one of _______. An acoelomate is an animal with neither a coelom nor a pseudocoelom, thereby lacking a body cavity.

Back 22

A true coelom is completely enclosed by MESODERM whereas a pseudocoelom has an outer layer of MESODERM and an inner one of ENDODERM. An acoelomate is an animal with neither a coelom nor a pseudocoelom, thereby lacking a body cavity.

Front 23

first marine animal phylum to evolve symmetrical body plans; widespread in shallow warm temperature waters, gelatinous in composition, exist as polyps or medusae, contain cnidocytes containing nematocysts

Back 23

Cnidaria

Front 24

Bilateral symmetry in animals included WHAT 4 FEATURES?

Back 24

anterior and posterior body areas, greater efficiency in movement, two mirror images in body plan, greater efficiency in seeking food and mates.

Front 25

Coelomates have a fluid filled cavity that develops entirely within the

Back 25

Coelomates have a fluid filled cavity that develops entirely within the MESODERM.

Front 26

Acoelomates have no ___

Back 26

Acoelomates have no BODY CAVITY.

Front 27

Which of the following was NOT a major morphological criterion on which traditional classification of
animals was based?
A. presence or absence of a true body cavity
B. type of symmetry
C. pattern of embryonic development
D. presence or absence of certain types of tissue
E. basic pattern of cell division

Back 27

E. basic pattern of cell division

Front 28

Cephalization is:
A. embryonic development of the head in advance of the rest of the body
B. concentration of the sensory organs on the posterior end of the body
C. concentration of the sensory organs on the anterior end of the body
D. an evolutionary degeneration of the head as seen in some parasites
E. a malformation of the head

Back 28

C. concentration of the sensory organs on the anterior end of the body

Front 29

83. Triploblastic are animals that:
A. form three separate blastulas from a single embryo
B. produce three eggs, each of which forms a single blastula
C. form three blastopores in each blastula
D. have a blastula composed of three cells
E. have three germ layers

Back 29

E. have three germ layers

Front 30

The fate of the embryonic germ layers is:
A. The endoderm forms the gut, the ectoderm forms the epidermis and parts of the nervous system, and the
mesoderm forms muscles and most internal organs.
B. The endoderm forms the gut, the ectoderm forms the reproductive tract and endocrine system, and the
mesoderm forms muscles and most internal organs.
C. The endoderm forms the inner part of all internal organs, the mesoderm forms the middle parts, and the
ectoderm forms the outer coverings.
D. The layers are sequential structures that all disappear during development, with the endoderm appearing
first and then is replaced by the mesoderm, which in turn is supplanted by the ectoderm.
E. The endoderm is an embryonic structure that disappears early, whereas the ectoderm persists as the skin
and the mesoderm as the internal organs.

Back 30

A. The endoderm forms the gut, the ectoderm forms the epidermis and parts of the nervous system, and the
mesoderm forms muscles and most internal organs.