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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Monosaccharides |
- Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose |
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Disaccharides |
- Sucrose = Glucose+Fructose - Lactose = Glucose+Galactose - Maltose = Glucose+Glucose |
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Polysaccharides |
- Starch= - Fiber= - Glycogen= |
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Sugar Alcohols |
-Glycerol, Sorbitol, Mannitol, Xylitol - Some are less than 4 because theabsorption from the GI tract is slow, so glucose and insulin concentrations arenot rapidly elevated. |
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Carbohydrate Absorption |
- Begins in the mouth and ends in the small intestine - Glucose? |
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Inability to digest milk |
- People who lack a sufficient amount of lactase are unable to break down the lactose or milk sugar. |
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Blood glucose ranges |
- Normal: 70-110 mg/dl - High: Hyperglycemia, more than - Low: Hypoglycemia, less than 50 mg/dl |
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What happens when insulin is released? |
- Helps regulate blood glucose - Stimulates cells to take in glucose, stimulates muscles and liver to stored glucose as glycogen, stimulates storage of amino acids and fat |
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Glycemic Index |
- A method of categorizing carbohydrate containing foods based on the body's glucose response after their ingestion, digestion, and absorption. |
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Glycogen storage: why and where? |
- Stored in skeletal muscle (largest) and liver. - If the immediate energy needs of a cell are low, glucose is often stored in the form of glycogen for future use. |
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Conversion of carbohydrate to fat |
- Lipogenesis: the production of fat - Excess glucose can be taken up by the liver |
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Basic components of proteins |
- Amino acids: linked by peptide bonds, contains nitrogen. Is a chemical compound that contains an NH^2 group and COOH group of atoms. |
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Dispensable amino acids |
- Amino acid that the body can manufacture.
- 11 of them - made in the liver |
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Indispensable amino acids |
- Amino acid that must be provided by the diet because the body cannot manufacture it.- 9 of them
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Complete proteins |
- Protein that contains all the indispensable amino acids in the proper concentrations and. proportions to each other to prevent amino acid deficiencies and to support growth - Animal proteins |
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Absorption of proteins |
- Begins in the stomach and ends in the small intestine
- gelgium lugium? |
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Pre-digested proteins |
- Protein supplements that were exposed to enzymatic action during the manufacturing process.
- Research has not shown if this is beneficial or not yet. |
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What organ is involved in clearinghouse for proteins? |
The liver
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Protein sparing effect |
- The consumption of sufficient kilocalories in the form of carbohydrate and fa, which protects protein from being used as energy before other protein-related functions are met. |
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Functions of proteins |
- Growth and maintenance and ? of tissues? |
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What types of athletes use protein as energy? |
- Endurance athletes, cross country runners. |
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Three major lipids |
- Triglycerides, Sterol, and Phospholipids |
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Cholesterol |
? |
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Predominant fat in food and body |
-Triglycerides |
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Saturated fat |
- Contains no double bonds between carbons. |
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Monounsaturated fat |
- A fat containing only one double bond between carbons. |
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Trans fat |
- Refers to groups that are on the opposite sides of the double bond between carbons. |
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Polyunsaturated fat |
- A fatty acid with 2 or more double bonds between carbons. |
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Fat consumption of endurance athletes and pre-competition meal |
? |
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How much energy does the body store as fat? |
? |
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How does insulin affect fat storage? |
? |
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How does exercise affect fat storage? |
? |
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What is ketosis? |
- The production of ketone bodies (a normal metabolic pathway) |
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Is ketosis recommended for athletes? |
No |
