Exam 2

Front 1

Weather occurs

Back 1

over the short term

at a particular time

at a particular place

in the troposphere

Front 2

All physical forms of water (solid, liquid, and gas) make up the

Back 2

hydrosphere

Front 3

Increased greenhouse gases originate from

Back 3

burning fossil fuels

agriculture

use of CFCs

deforestation

Front 4

The asthenosphere is a very important zone within Earth’s upper mantle.

Back 4

True

Front 5

The two most important factors in climate are

Back 5

temperature and precipitation

Front 6

The theory of plate tectonics holds that the outer rigid layer of Earth is broken into about a dozen major segments called shields

Back 6

False

Front 7

Name the hot, weak layer found in the upper mantle.

Back 7

asthenosphere

Front 8

According to the theory of plate tectonics, plates interact mainly ____

Back 8

along plate boundaries

Front 9

The term greenhouse effect

Back 9

describes the trapping of heat energy in the troposphere by certain gaseous molecules.

Front 10

Earth’s rigid outer layer is called:

Back 10

lithosphere

Front 11

Most divergent boundaries are located:

Back 11

along oceanic ridges

Front 12

There are a total of________ prevailing winds (or separate belts of moving air).

Back 12

six

Front 13

Whenever a slab of oceanic lithosphere converges with a slab of continental lithosphere __

Back 13

the oceanic lithosphere descends into the asthenosphere

Front 14

At divergent plate boundaries _______.

Back 14

new lithosphere is forming

Front 15

Which of the following statements about the atmosphere is a true statement?

Back 15

The carbon dioxide is less than 1%.

Front 16

Who said, "Man did not weave the web of life; he is merely a strand in it. Whatever he does to the web he does to himself."

Back 16

Chief Seattle

Front 17

Because environmental systems are so complex, scientists use which of the following to generate mathematical models?

Back 17

Computers

Front 18

All of the following are principles of sustainable thinking EXCEPT

a. Select the best solution that solves the problem immediately

b. Implement systems analysis in addressing issues

c. Realize everything is connected and everything is not as it seems

d. Look to nature for solutions to problems

Back 18

a

Front 19

The boxfish was inspiration for development of a ____ with a low coefficient of drag.

Back 19

car

Front 20

By studying the chemicals that repel ants produced by insects living in their community, a product engineer was able to develop an ant repellant. This is an example of

Back 20

biomimicry

Front 21

Cutting down trees in coastal forests degrades coral reefs located miles offshore. Where trees are removed, soil washes into to ocean. The cloudy water cuts off light needed by the symbiotic algae living in the coral. Sediments can bury the reef. The principle best illustrated by this example is

Back 21

Everything is connected

Front 22

All of the following would protect the quality of life now and for future generations EXCEPT

a. Turn off lights and unplug appliances when not in use.

b. Go shopping frequently to buy products on sale so that you conserve your resources.

c. Begin walking and biking for short errands

d. Talk to experts in various disciplines to understand environmental issues from a broad perspective

Back 22

d

Front 23

All of the following are TRUE of pythons EXCEPT

a. They are exotic invasive species in the Everglades

b. They are herbivore, consuming native plants

c. They prey upon alligators

d. They have caused declines in the populations of native species in the Everglades

Back 23

b

Front 24

When you drive through the midwest you see vast fields of healthy looking crops. However, due to poor farming methods many feet of top soil has been lost in the last 150 years. Which of the following principles best describes this situation?

Back 24

Everything is not as it seems

Front 25

All of the following are TRUE EXCEPT

a. In nature there is zero waste

b. Decomposers recycle waste and dead organic material

c. Sustainable solutions help preserve the diversity of life on earth.

d. Sustainable solutions benefit future generations at the expense of the present quality of life.

Back 25

d

Front 26

Photochemical smog is formed when pollutants interact with

Back 26

sunlight

Front 27

Biomass burning is a(n)_________ type of emission.

Back 27

anthropogenic

Front 28

The primary agent of transport of atmospheric pollutants is

Back 28

wind

Front 29

Which of the following is NOT a process influencing air pollution?

a. emission source

b. evaporation

c. chemical

d. transport

e. removal

Back 29

b

Front 30

The Clean Air Act was the first national legislation in the United States aimed at air pollution control.

Back 30

True

Front 31

Once air pollutants have entered the atmosphere, they may be

a. removed

b. transported

c. diluted

d. transformed

e. all of these

Back 31

e

Front 32

Acid rain reduces the pH of aquatic environments and makes them uninhabitable. Which of the following is a primary pollutant that contributes to acid rain?

Back 32

nitrogen oxides

Front 33

The _____ directs the Environmental Protection Agency is directed to establish National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) limiting major air pollutants to levels that will protect public health.

Back 33

The Clean Air ACT

Front 34

Nitrous oxides in the atmosphere have been reduced through the treatment of vehicle exhaust with

Back 34

catalytic converters

Front 35

Acid rain damage to forests can result in all of the following except:

Back 35

increased transpiration

Front 36

Designing products using nature as a model is termed

Back 36

biomimicry

Front 37

Which of the following results when forests are protected?

a. Preserves biodiversity

b. Counteracts global warming

c. Prevents soil erosion

d. All of the above

Back 37

d

Front 38

Which of the following is/are TRUE?

a. There are invasive plants as well as animals

b. Invasive exotic species are degrading Earth's ecosystems and jeopardizing a sustainable future

c. Invasive exotic species upset the community balance

d. All of the above

Back 38

d

Front 39

Buying a front loading clothes washer that costs more than a top loader, but saves on electricity, water, and detergent with every load is a good example of applying which principle of sustainable thinking?

Back 39

Choose solutions that are best in the long run

Front 40

The wet deposition of secondary pollutants onto the Earth's surface is called

Back 40

acid rain

Front 41

"Compounds which are pollutants in their original state" defines

Back 41

primary pollutants

Front 42

The atmospheric gas that filters out harmful UV radiation is

Back 42

ozone

Front 43

Each of the following is one of the five groups of primary outdoor pollutants except

Back 43

oxygen gas

Front 44

Warm air trapped between two layers of cooler air

Back 44

is a temperature inversion

Front 45

The phase out of chlorofluorcarbons and other ozone depleting chemicals was a stipulation of

Back 45

The Montreal protocol

Front 46

Which of the following is NOT an effect of acid rain?

a. building corrosion

b. reduced egg laying

c. reduced fish catch

d. plant damage

e. increased soil nutrients

Back 46

e

Front 47

Much progress has been made in removing major pollutants from the atmosphere but two remain problematic. These are

Back 47

ozone and particulates

Front 48

When comparing industrial smog and photochemical smog, which of the following statements is not true?

Back 48

Industrial smog is brown smog.

Front 49

Sources of carbon monoxide (CO) include all of the following except

Back 49

respiration

Front 50

Rock strata or sediments that readily transmit groundwater. Porous and usually water saturated.

Back 50

Aquifer

Front 51

Most of the water withdrawn from aquifers in the U.S and worldwide is used for

Back 51

agricultural

Front 52

As ice sheets get larger or more glaciers form, sea level

Back 52

drops

Front 53

Each water molecule is capable of forming __________ hydrogen bonds.

Back 53

4

Front 54

Which of the following term(s) describes what happens to the water table when groundwater is withdrawn faster than it is recharged.

Back 54

drawdown

Front 55

In the United States, more groundwater is used for this purpose than for any other.

Back 55

irrigation

Front 56

Any water drawn from below the water table is:

Back 56

groundwater

Front 57

Ninety percent of southern Florida obtains its drinking water from

Back 57

Biscayne aquifer

Front 58

Caves most commonly form in areas rich in:

Back 58

limestone

Front 59

Identify the choice below that describes the drainage basin for surface water.

Back 59

watershed

Front 60

Stalagmites

Back 60

grow up from the floor of a cavern.

Front 61

The formation of ice during colder weather helps to temper the seasonal transition from Fall to Winter. This is mainly because

Back 61

the formation of hydrogen bonds releases heat.

Front 62

Which one of the following is NOT a geological role of groundwater?

a. maintain stream flow

b. formation of caverns

c. development of sinkholes

d. deposition of gravels

Back 62

d

Front 63

An artesian well requires

Back 63

an aquitard above it and below it.

an inclined aquifer so that one end can receive water.

Front 64

Which one of the following factors does NOT favor increased infiltration?

a. porous and sandy soil

b. gentle rainfall

c. saturated ground

d. gently slope

Back 64

c

Front 65

Which two processes release water vapor directly to the atmosphere?

Back 65

evaporation and transpiration

Front 66

A hole dug into the zone of saturation is called a ______.

Back 66

well

Front 67

A measure of a material’s ability to transmit water through interconnected pores spaces.

Back 67

Permeability

Front 68

The percentage of the total volume of rock or sediment that consists of pore spaces is:

Back 68

porosity

Front 69

The term ________ applies to any situation in which groundwater under pressure rises on its own above the level of the aquifer.

Back 69

artesian

Front 70

The average south Floridian uses approximately_______ time(s) more water than the national average.

Back 70

two

Front 71

Soil subsidence is primarily a result of

Back 71

lowering the water table

Front 72

The continuous movement of water from the oceans to the atmosphere, from the atmosphere to the land, and from the land back to the sea is known as

Back 72

hydrologic cycle

Front 73

Stalactites

Back 73

hang from the ceiling of a cavern

Front 74

The most common non-point source of pollution is

Back 74

agriculture runoff

Front 75

Which of the following is easier to identify, monitor and regulate?

Back 75

point source pollution

Front 76

Below the water table, in the zone of ________, all the pore spaces in the sediments and rocks are filled with water.

Back 76

saturation

Front 77

About what percentage of Earth’s water is groundwater?

Back 77

0.6%

Front 78

The quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 gram to be converted from a liquid to a gas

Back 78

heat of vaporization

Front 79

Which of the following is NOT a property of water?

a. cohesion and high surface tension

b. nonpolar

c. high heat of vaporization

d. expansion upon freezing

e. high specific heat

Back 79

b

Front 80

Abyssal plains are part of the continental margin.

Back 80

False

Front 81

The rising of cold water from deeper layers to replace warmer surface water is called

Back 81

upwelling

Front 82

Gyres

a. are circular or spiral ocean currents-centered around 25° to 30° north and south latitudes

b. rotate clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counter

c. clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere

d. driven by easterly winds at low latitudes and westerly winds at high latitudes.

e. all of the choice are characteristics of gyres

Back 82

e

Front 83

The gently sloping shallow submerged surface surrounding a continent and extending from the shoreline toward the deep ocean is termed

Back 83

continental shelf

Front 84

Which portion of the continental margin is steepest?

Back 84

continental slope

Front 85

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)?

a. more phytoplankton therefore more photosynthesis

b. more flooding

c. warming of water in the tropical east Pacific

d. higher water temperatures

e. possible coral bleaching

Back 85

a

Front 86

Which of the following is not a true statement about hurricanes.

a. The hurricane season is from June to September.

b. Hurricanes are powered by latent heat energy released from condensation.

c. Hurricanes require a constant supply of warm, humid air.

d. Require at least 200 ft. depth of water at a temperature of 80 oF (26.67 oC).

e. Landfall or cooler seas weaken storms.

Back 86

a

Front 87

Which one of the following is NOT one of the three broad subdivisions of the ocean floor?

a. ocean basin floor

b. continental margin

c. oceanic ridge

d. coastal plain

Back 87

d

Front 88

Estuaries form when sea level ________.

Back 88

rises

Front 89

The ________ system is a broad, rugged, elevated feature on the ocean floor that forms a continuous belt that winds around the globe.

Back 89

mid-ocean ridge

Front 90

Deep-ocean trenches are associated with:

Back 90

active tectonic plate margins

Front 91

Which of the salts is most abundant in sea water?

Back 91

sodium chloride

Front 92

The producers in the ocean food chain are

Back 92

phytoplankton

Front 93

Which of the following increases the oceans effectiveness as a carbon sink?

a. Light and nutrient in large enough quantities for primary productivity to exceed consumption.

b. Dead, decomposing, matter sediments and upwelling brings the nutrients back to the surface.

c. Ocean warming which releases CO2 into the atmosphere.

d. Pollution reduces sunlight penetration and thus will slow down photosynthesis.

e. Turbulence will have a similar effect as pollution.

Back 93

a

Front 94

The energy that drives surface ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream (and Florida Current, and North Atlantic Current) comes from

Back 94

prevailing winds

Front 95

Which of the following is critical for the ocean to act as a carbon sink?

Back 95

phytoplankton

Front 96

Which of the following is critical for the ocean to act as a carbon sink?

Back 96

phytoplankton

Front 97

The Neritic zone (province) is impacted by point and non-point source pollution.

Back 97

True

Front 98

Oceans

a. play a major role in controlling climate by distributing solar heat

b. contain a large amount of dissolved gases

c. participate in biogeochemical cycles (e.g. water, nitrogen, phosphorus.)

d. provide habitats for organisms

e. all of the above

Back 98

e

Front 99

Identify the choice below that is not influenced by ocean/atmosphere interactions.

Back 99

ozone concentration

Front 100

Cool, salty water is most likely to form

Back 100

Density currents

Front 101

Offshore winds are more likely responsible for which of the following?

Back 101

Upwelling

Front 102

Cyclone is another name for __________.

Back 102

low-pressure system

Front 103

Deep-ocean trenches are associated with:

Back 103

active tectonic plate margins

Front 104

Estuaries form when sea level ________.

Back 104

rises

Front 105

The ________ system is a broad, rugged, elevated feature on the ocean floor that forms a continuous belt that winds around the globe.

Back 105

mid-ocean ridge

Front 106

Which one of the following is NOT one of the three broad subdivisions of the ocean floor?

Back 106

coastal plain

Front 107

At the equator, ocean salinity is lower due to

Back 107

heavy precipitation

Front 108

In an El Niño year:

Back 108

Coastal upwelling in the eastern Pacific (Western South America) dwindles or stops.

Front 109

Which of the following is true of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)?

Back 109

It is the biggest water mass in the oceans.

Front 110

The key factor for photosynthesis in the ocean is

Back 110

light