Exam 2

Front 1

Constituents

Back 1

The voters in the state or district.

Front 2

Richard Fenno's Concentric Circles

Back 2

From inside to out:

1) Personal

2) Primary

3) Reelection

4) Geographical

Front 3

Models of Representation

('Follow the people' to 'Lead the people')

Back 3

1) Delegate Model: Representatives should adhere to will of their constituents.

2) Trustee Model: Representatives should act in the way they believe is best (long-term) for the nation.

Front 4

Types of Representation

Back 4

Pitkin's 4-fold classification:

1) Formalistic Representation (Speak for those who elected you)

2) Symbolic Representation (Tries to relate to district - e.g. Mitch wearing blue jeans, at a quarry)

3) Policy Representation (Push for changes your people want - e.g. min wage)

4) Descriptive Representation (Congress should represent the population

Front 5

Incumbency Advantages

Back 5

- Name recognition

- Connections

- Strategic

- Case Work/Projects

- Franking Privileges (Members of Congress get to mail their district for free)

Front 6

Pork Barrel

Back 6

Public works projects and grants for specific districts paid for by general revenue - to try and win over new voters.

Front 7

Casework

Back 7

Legislative work on behalf of individual constituents.

Front 8

Term Limits?

Back 8

Farmers Considered and rejected idea when writing the constitution because:

1) Motivation for good behavior

2) Causes motivation for corruption

3) Holding office builds experience

4) People like their representative

Front 9

Reapportionment

Back 9

Reallocation of congressional seats among the states.

- Every 10 years (following the census)

Front 10

Redistricting

Back 10

Process of redrawing legislative districts within a state.

Front 11

Gerrymandering

Back 11

Process of redrawing legislative district boundaries to gain a political advantage.

Front 12

Law Making in Congress

(Major Players)

Back 12

- The Speaker of the House

- The Senate Majority Leader

- The Senate Minority Leader

- House Minority Leader

Front 13

Law Making in Congress

(Minor Players)

Back 13

- The President of the Senate(aka The VP)

- The Party Whips

Front 14

Law Making in Congress

(Processes)

Front 15

Filibuster

Back 15

An action that obstructs progress in a legislative assembly, allowing one or more members to delay or prevent a vote on the proposal.

Front 16

Cloture

Back 16

Rule declaring the end of a debate in the Senate which takes 60 votes due to possible Filibusters

Front 17

Congressional Committees

Back 17

Specialized groups in the Senate and House that review bills

Front 18

Treaty

Back 18

Formal agreement between governments, approved by the Senate(2/3 vote)

Front 19

Executive Agreement

Back 19

Presidential agreement between governments, does not need Senate approval

Front 20

Balancing the Ticket

Back 20

Ex: Presidential candidate choosing VP that complements its flaws/other political parties views.

Front 21

Polarization

Back 21

Government official tends to vote towards party opinion.

Front 22

hyperpartisanship

Back 22

Government official always votes towards party.

Front 23

Events that caused Modern President

Back 23

1) Great Depression

2) Election of FDR( b/c New Deal, e.g. starting new projects)

3) Growing government size

Front 24

Cabinet vs Exec Office vs White House Staff

Front 25

Bureaucracy

Back 25

An organization with hierarchy structure to enhance efficiency

Front 26

Types of Bureaucracy

Back 26

1) Cabinet Departments: Major agencies, heads serve on cabinet [federally funded]

2) Government Corporations: Like normal corps, owned by government.

3) Independent Agencies: Departments outside federal exec department(no heads on cabinet) [not federally funded]

4) Regulatory Commissions:

Front 27

PendletonAct of 1883:

Back 27

Civil service system in US to get rid ofPatronage for some federal jobs.

Front 28

Iron Triangle

Back 28

Agreement between Bureaucracy leaders, congressmen, and lobbyist.

Front 29

Judge Decision Making

Back 29

1) Legal Model: Decisions made that will influence later cases. Based on Law.

2) Attitudinal Model: Decide based on profession preference.

3) Strategical Model: May vote for something they don't like to achieves the goals they want

Front 30

Common Law

Back 30

Rulings based on previous cases.

Front 31

Civil Law

Back 31

Rulings based on actual law.

Front 32

Inquisitorial Systems

Back 32

Truth through investigation and evidence.

Front 33

Adversarial Systems

Back 33

Truth through argument between prosecution and defense.

Front 34

Wig Model

Back 34

Theory of restrained presidential power; ideas that the president should only use the powers granted by constitution

Front 35

Stewardship Model

Back 35

Theory of robust broad presidential powers; idea that the president is only limited by explicit restrictions by constitution.

Front 36

Which model is currently used by most presidents?

Back 36

Trustee Model

Front 37

Which events helped to signal the beginning of modern presidency ?

Back 37

Great Depression, New Deal/ Election of FDR, growing Government size

Front 38

Fireside Chat

Back 38

When the president directly addresses the people on issues through the radio.

Purpose: Public pressure for Congress to work with him/her on policy goals.

Front 39

Going Public

Back 39

Appealing directly to the people to gain support for presidential initiatives.