Exam #2

Front 1

Sterilization

Back 1

Process that destroys or removes all viable microorganism (including viruses).

Common uses: surgical instruments, syringes, commercially packaged food

Hint 1

The term sterile should be used only in the strictest sense to refer to materials that have been subjected to the process of sterilization ( there is no such thing as slightly sterile). Generally reserved for inanimate objects as but would be impractical or dangerous to sterilize parts of the human body.

Front 2

Disinfection

Back 2

Physical process or a chemical agent to destroy vegetative pathogens but not bacterial endospores. Removes harmful products of microorganisms ( toxins) from material.

Common uses: boiling food utensils, applying 5% bleach solution to an examining table, immersing thermometers in an iodine solution between uses

Hint 2

Normally used on inanimate objects because the concentration of disinfectants required to be effective is harmful to human tissue.

Front 3

Decontamination/ Sanitization

Back 3

Cleansing technique that mechanically removes microorganisms as well as other debris to reduce contamination to safe levels.

Common uses: cooking utensils, dishes, bottles, and cans must be sanitized for reuse.

Hint 3

Important to restaurants, dairies, breweries, and other commercial entities that handle large numbers of soiled utensils/ containers.

Front 4

Antisepsis/ Degermation

Back 4

Reduces the number of microbes on the human skin. A form of decontamination but on living tissues.

Hint 4

Involves scrubbing the skin ( mechanical friction) or immersing it in chemicals (or both)

Front 5

Bactericide

Back 5

An agent that kills bacteria except for those in the endospore stage.

Hint 5

-ide = to kill

Front 6

Sepsis

Back 6

The growth of microorganisms in the blood and other tissues.

Front 7

Asepsis

Back 7

Any practice that prevents the entry of infectious agents into sterile tissues and thus prevent infection.

Front 8

Antiseptic

Back 8

A growth- inhibiting agent uses on tissues to prevent infection.

Front 9

Antiseptic

Back 9

A growth- inhibiting agent uses on tissues to prevent infection.

Front 10

Stasis/ static

Back 10

To stand still

Front 11

Bacteristatic

Back 11

Any process or agent that inhibits bacterial growth.

Front 12

Bacteristatic

Back 12

Any process or agent that inhibits bacterial growth.

Front 13

Microbistatic

Back 13

The quality of inhibiting the growth of microbes.

Front 14

Thermal death time (TDT)

Back 14

The shortest length of time required to kill all test microbes at a specified temperature.

Front 15

Thermal death time (TDT)

Back 15

The shortest length of time required to kill all test microbes at a specified temperature.

Front 16

Thermal death point (TDP)

Back 16

The lowest temperature required to kill all microbes in a sample in 10 minutes.

Front 17

Thermal death time (TDT)

Back 17

The shortest length of time required to kill all test microbes at a specified temperature.

Front 18

Thermal death point (TDP)

Back 18

The lowest temperature required to kill all microbes in a sample in 10 minutes.

Front 19

Pasteurization

Back 19

A technique in which heat is applied to liquids to kill potential agents of infection or spoilage, while at the same time retaining the liquid's flavor and food value.

Front 20

Thermal death time (TDT)

Back 20

The shortest length of time required to kill all test microbes at a specified temperature.

Front 21

Thermal death point (TDP)

Back 21

The lowest temperature required to kill all microbes in a sample in 10 minutes.

Front 22

Pasteurization

Back 22

A technique in which heat is applied to liquids to kill potential agents of infection or spoilage, while at the same time retaining the liquid's flavor and food value.

Front 23

Autoclave

Back 23

A sterilization chamber that allows he use of steam under pressure to sterilize materials. The most common temperature / pressure combination for an autoclave is 121 degrees Celsius and 15 psi.

Front 24

Dessication

Back 24

To dry throughly. To preserve by drying.

Front 25

Dessication

Back 25

To dry throughly. To preserve by drying.

Front 26

Lyophilization

Back 26

A method for preserving microorganisms ( and other substances) by freezing and then drying them directly from the frozen state.

Front 27

Radiation

Back 27

Energy emitted from atomic activities pans dispersed at high velocity through matter or space.

Front 28

Aqueous

Back 28

Solutions containing pure water as the solvent.

Front 29

Tinctures

Back 29

Solutions dissolved in pure alcohol or water-alcohol or water-alcohol mixtures.

Front 30

Chemotherapeutic Drug

Back 30

Any chemical used in the treatment, relief, or prophylaxis of a disease.

Front 31

Chemotherapeutic Drug

Back 31

Any chemical used in the treatment, relief, or prophylaxis of a disease.

Front 32

Prophylaxis

Back 32

Use of a drug to prevent imminent infection of a person at risk.

Front 33

Chemotherapeutic Drug

Back 33

Any chemical used in the treatment, relief, or prophylaxis of a disease.

Front 34

Prophylaxis

Back 34

Use of a drug to prevent imminent infection of a person at risk.

Front 35

Anti microbial chemotherapy

Back 35

The use of chemotherapeutic drugs to control infection.

Front 36

Antimicrobials

Back 36

All- inclusive term for any any Antimicrobial drug, regardless of its origin.

Front 37

Antimicrobials

Back 37

All- inclusive term for any any Antimicrobial drug, regardless of its origin.

Front 38

Antibiotics

Back 38

Substances produced by the natural metabolic processes of some microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy other microorganisms.

Front 39

Antimicrobials

Back 39

All- inclusive term for any any Antimicrobial drug, regardless of its origin.

Front 40

Antibiotics

Back 40

Substances produced by the natural metabolic processes of some microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy other microorganisms.

Front 41

Semisynthetic Drugs

Back 41

Drugs that we chemically modified in the laboratory after being isolated from natural sources.

Front 42

Synthetic drugs

Back 42

Drugs produced entirely by chemical reactions.

Front 43

Synthetic drugs

Back 43

Drugs produced entirely by chemical reactions.

Front 44

Narrow- Spectrum ( limited spectrum )

Back 44

Antimicrobials effective against a limited array of microbial types- for example, a drug effective mainly against gram-positive bacteria

Front 45

Synthetic drugs

Back 45

Drugs produced entirely by chemical reactions.

Front 46

Narrow- Spectrum ( limited spectrum )

Back 46

Antimicrobials effective against a limited array of microbial types- for example, a drug effective mainly against gram-positive bacteria

Front 47

Broad-Spectrum ( Extended Spectrum)

Back 47

Antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbial types- for example, a drug effective against both gram- positive and gram- negative bacteria

Front 48

Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

Back 48

The smallest concentration of drug needed to visibly control microbial growth.

Front 49

Therapeutic index

Back 49

The ratio of the toxic dose to the effective therapeutic dose that is used to assess the safety and reliability of the drug.