Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Protons |
- are subatomic particles that are positively charged - they are found in the nucleus |
|
|
neutron |
- are subatomic particles that are neutrally charged - they are found in the nucleus |
|
|
Electrons |
- are subatomic particles that are negatively charged - they are found outside of the nucleus |
|
|
atomic number |
is the number given on top of the element itself on the periodic table |
|
|
1. Number of protons 2. Number of electrons |
What does the atomic number tell you? |
|
|
Neutral |
What is the charge of all atoms? |
|
|
It tells you the number of protons plus the number of neutrons |
What does the mass number tell you? |
|
|
- It is given at the top left |
Where is the mass number located? |
|
|
James Chadwick |
Which scientist discovered an isotope? |
|
|
All of the atoms of an element are identical in terms of the number of their protons - You have an isotope of an element that has the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons |
What is an isotope? |
|
|
Oxygen 18, and Oxygen 16 |
What is an example of isotope? |
|
|
There goal is to become more stable as they radioactively decay |
What is the function of protons and neutrons in the nucleus? |
|
|
Alpha, beta, gamma |
What kind of radioactivity do we have? |
|
|
- It is a helium nucleus - It is positive - it is fairly big, bulky - low energy |
What does alpha radiation consist of? |
|
|
- it is a fast moving electron - it is negative |
What does beta radiation consist of? |
|
|
- it is neutral - higher energy |
What does gamma radiation consist of? |
|
|
Paper |
What is the penetrating power of alpha rays? |
|
|
Aluminum Foil |
What is the penetrating power of beta radiation? |
|
|
Lead |
What is the penetrating power of gamma radiation? |
|
|
All radiation is stopped by lead - gamma, beta, alpha |
What kind of radiation is stop by lead? |
|
|
Rutherford used alpha particles to discover and determine that atoms had a nucleus |
Who used alpha particles? What did this scientist use alpha particles for? |
|
|
True - You could have different isotopes of uranium that are both alpha and beta emitters |
True or False. Do different isotopes decay in different ways. If true, How? |
|
|
Experiments, and Applied Science |
How did we find out how different radiation isotopes decay, and their penetrating power? |
|
|
80% |
What is the percent of naturally occurring radiation? |
|
|
Marie and Henri Becquerel |
Who coined the word radioactivity? |
|
|
- They have radiation - has an isotope that slower breaks down, and ionizes a chamber, so that if smoke particles enters it - they cause a signal to buzz |
What do smoke detectors have? |
|
|
- You can use radiation (alpha) to kill cancer cells - non-invasive - chances of getting an infection is less - metabolic screening |
What are medical advantages of radiation therapy? |
|
|
Gamma or maybe Beta |
If cancer cells are in your body, what type of radiation therapy would you need? |
|
|
alpha radiation |
What type of radiation therapy would you use for skin cancer? |
|
|
- Gamma radiation - it kills the fungus or bacteria on the outside of the vegetable |
What type of radiation would you use to increase the shelf life of vegetables? What does it do? |
|
|
- it increases the shelf life - people making can get profits - they can get more food - they can sell more food - they can drop the prices of the food |
What is the advantageous of using radiation for food? |
|
|
- Wilhelm Roetengen - give you the ability to look inside a human being to see if there are any illnesses - without having to use a scalpel to open them up |
How discovered X-Rays? What do X-Rays do? |
|
|
using radioisotopes to give out gamma rays inside your body to determine where the gamma rays are - then back track and calculate the location of the gamma rays |
What is Positron Emission Tomography? |
|
|
- make nuclear weapons - ultimate energy using it to make electricity |
What can use with radiation industrially? |
|
|
E=mc^2 |
What is Einstein's equation? |
|
|
Uncontrolled: Explosion of a bomb Controlled: Medical therapy |
What is the difference between using radiation in a controlled faction or a uncontrolled faction? |
|
|
- bomb victims of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings - following them longitudinally year after year - watching what medical problems that incur - comparing with individual in Japan that were NOT affected by the U.S. bombing |
How have we been able to study the effects of bombs (radiation) on the human body? |
|
|
The genetics of a human |
What does radiation affect in the human body? |
|
|
- Scientist use the waste products to create medicines |
When discovering how to get rid of nuclear (plutonium) weapons, what was discovered? |
|
|
- The Periodic table |
What did Mendelev invent? |
|
|
Electrons |
What is reactivity associate with? |
|
|
- Elements that are in the same column, react similarly with each other |
What happens in the columns of the periodic table? |
|
|
- it is a great predictive tool |
What are the advantageous of the periodic table? |
|
|
It tells you the energy level and shell electrons are in - tells you how many electrons are found in that particular energy level |
What does the rows in the periodic table tell you? What does columns tell you about electrons? |
|
|
1. To get a close to the nucleus as possible to gain stability 2. to stay away from other electrons, because like charges repel |
What do electrons do for a living? |
|
|
The rainbow - Where one color blurs into another, and so on - You cannot see where one color ends and the other begins |
What is a continuous spectrum? |
|
|
- If got the right element with they right chemical, and you set fire to it, it gives you different colors |
How do fireworks work? |
|
|
When you take a particular element, and energize it with electricity, you will get a particular color (Color, black line, Color, black line, Color, black line, Color) - there are 4 lines |
How are line spectrums formed? |
|
|
- Number of electrons found in an element - number of electrons is dependent on the element you are dealing with - electrons become a fingerprint |
What is line spectrum deal with? |
|
|
- They are giving out packets of energy in an effort to get back to the nucleus (to become stable) - these packets of energy creates color (the line spectrum) |
What does electrons do in line spectrum? |
|
|
Niels Bohr |
Who was the first scientist to hypothesize the line spectrum phenomena? |
|
|
it tells you that every element has its own line spectra |
What is the significance of line spectrum? |
|
|
Quantitative: The intensity of the lines tell you how much of an element is in a substances, can tell if it is going up or down Qualitative: Tells you what element is in a substance |
How can the line spectrum be quantitative and qualitative? |
|
|
Science: How Electrons react with energy Applied Technology: Using the results of line spectra to perform diagnosis on human beings |
What can line spectrum do in regards to Science and applied technology? |
|
|
Is the time taken for half of the material present to decay away |
What is a half-life? |
|
|
1. 50 atoms left over 2. 25 atoms left over |
If you start with 100 atoms of Phosphorus-32, and you wait 14 days (which is the half-life), you will have how many atoms left over? How about another 14 days? |
|
|
After 10 half-lives, all of the radiation will away |
What is the rule of 10? |
