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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Theory of reasoned action |
if a person thinks a behavior is positive andthinks others want them to perform the behavior it increases the chance of thatbehavior happening |
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Self efficacy |
How likely a person thinks it is that they willperform a behavior |
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theory of planned behavior |
people act or behave in accordance with theirintentions, subjective norms, and perception of behavior control. |
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moral hypocrisy |
trying to appear moral but avoiding not actually being moral |
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Self interest overrides the desire to act morally |
True |
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When a person from the in-group witnesses another person from the in-group acting in a self serving manner they are much more likely to judge it as fair action than if the person was part of the out-group |
True |
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Festinger stated that there is sufficient evidence proving that changing an attitude changes behavior |
False: there is insufficient |
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consistency theory or balance theory |
We prefer to have consistency among our cognitions, affect and behavior |
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Cognitive dissonance is when their is a discrepency between our cognition and behavior. We change our beliefes or behaviors to resotre inner harmony |
True |
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We often change our attitudes to be consistent with our behaviors, thereby rationalizing and justifying our action and reducing our feeling of discomfort |
true |
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Roles do not have an affect on our behavior and attitudes |
False: they do, behavior associated with role can be internalized and affect ones attidude |
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Stanford Prison Expiriment |
Zimbardo |
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Conformation Bias |
The tendency to seek information that confirms our preconceived notions |
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Attitudes(CFR) |
reactions to many different types of targets,such as people (race) and issues or objects (smoking, diet, consumer goods) |
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Two possible motives for moral hypocrisy (Batson and Thompson) |
1) motivated by self-interest regardless of cost 2) not motivated by wishing to avoid paying too high a price for a virtue |
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Overpowered Integrity |
Primary motive is for person to act morally but when seeing the cost of the action they decide to not act morally |
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Persuasion is trying to keep attitudes |
False: Persusion is changing attitudes |
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Persuasion works due to the following 4 reasons |
1. When we want info. about world and trust the persuader 2. When wanting to gain social acceptance and support 3. Consistency theories: no discrepancy between ones thoughts affect and behavior 4. Save time and energy (Heuristics) |
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Dual processing model occuars through 3 different routes |
False: happens through 2, heuristic sustemic model and elaboration likelihood model |
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Heuristic systemic model |
Heuristic = superfical processings, happens when we do not have time/energy to process information OR when we do not find information to be relevant or speaker is trusted. |
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Heuristic systemic model |
systemically = thoughtful or deliberate processing, how we process more thoughtful information which results in more enduring changes in attitude |
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elaboration likelihood model (ELM)
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When we have the motivation to process a persuassive message we are more likely to pay attention to the central features of the message |
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Unimodal theory of attitudes |
The primary factor of fetermining the strength of a persuassive message and the amount of processing effort one will put into it depends upon its complexity. Little time/interest=superficial processing (heuristic) high interest=thoughtful processing (systematic) |
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foot-in-the door |
Making a small request that you know will be accepted then following that up with a larger request- which is all you actually wanted. |
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door-in-the-face |
Maker a larger request that is rejected and then following it up with a smaller request |
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lowballtechniques |
Also seen as a trap, withholding information from a request will agree before realizing what they have agreed to. Ex) Asking students to participate in expirment, then after they say yes telling them it starts at 7am |
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Affect infusion model (AIM) |
a targets mood is prone to greatly affecting the processing of a persuasive request if it requires deliberate thoughtful work. |
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MODE model |
How attitude both concious and unconcious are related to the evaluation we make of the target and the behavior we have towards the target |
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attitudes |
summary of evaluative reations of a target that include dimensions such as good/bad, harmful/beneficial, and likeable/unlikeable Positive and negative reactions |
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expectancy-value model |
evaluation of a target arises as the result of the beliefs we form about the target |
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Past attitudes are still there (PAST) |
Varying attitudes towards the same target |
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Three component model |
Attitudes express a persons 1) feelings 2) Beliefs 3) and past behaviors towards the attitude target |
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Theory of reasoned action |
attitude is the sum of all the attitude beliefs regarding that target |
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authoritarianism |
authority and aggression that is sanctioned by authority figures |
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religious fundamentalism |
holding ones faith as the inherent truth |
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Aggression |
intent to harm as well as the motivation of the victim to avoid the aggressive behavior |
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Aggressive acts |
-Physical Assault -Verbal Assault -Indirect/direct Aggression -Active/Passive Aggression |
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humanizing |
Considering others dignity and value as humans and treating them with moral consideration |
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Prefrontal Cortex |
higher order of thinking related to reasoning. Damage to prefrontal cortex may result in more aggression |
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The Amygdala |
Plays important role in aggression and in emotional learning |
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Serotonin |
when serotonin is inhibited from firing to the amygadala then it increases chances that a person will act on aggressive impulses |
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Reactance |
resisting group pressure due to moral convictions |
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Minority Voices |
Person who doesn't agree with the majority Can: -reduce groups sense of confidence -speak with authority - |
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Sleeper effect |
persuasive messages, power become strong with passage of time |
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Central persuasion |
Focus on the argument or thing person is trying to convince you of |
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Peripheral persuasion |
focus on irrelavant or meaningless factors such as humor, mood, or attractiveness. |
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persuasive messages |
power of message decreases with time |
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Conformity |
-Compliance: Secrelt disagree -Obedience: Act in accordance with direct order -Acceptance: Act and believe in accordance with social pressure |
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Why we Conform |
We want to be -accurate -liked by others -protect self-esteem(Sociometer) |
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Social Contagion |
Copy Cat effect |
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Self-Regulation |
Process of exercising control over one's impulses and being able to alter behavior |
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Upward Counterfactual |
Imagining a better outcome. Makes you feel worse. |
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Heat Hypothesis |
uncomfortable hot temperatures increase aggressive motives and behaviors |
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Weapons effect |
if you see and image of a weapon you begin to have aggressive thoughts |
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Big Overarching Question |
Can we be others centered or is there always something in it for me? |
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Evolutionary perspective |
Meta Theory: |
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CFR |
-Made in Gods image -fallen beings -limited and finite |
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availability heuristic |
likelihood of happening is related to ability to recall |
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Hostile attribution bias |
perception of hostile intent when there really isn't one |
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EP states the aggression is a result of defense and competition |
true |
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Catharsis |
released of repressed emotions |
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Social Ostracism |
exclusion, banishment |
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stereotypes |
-Associates group with certain traits -Cognitive processing (Cognition) |
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prejudice |
-negative feelings or attitudesof person based upon their membership to a certain group |
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discrimination |
Behavior directed against persons Groups who face discrimination -obese -elderly -disabled -gender |
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categorization |
Knowing what something is based upon what it is like and what it differs from |
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generality of prejudice |
people who are prejudice against one group are more likely to be prejudice against another |
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Religiosity and Prejudice |
Extrinsic: Does religion to be a part of a group Intrinsic: Does religion because it is the truth they live by (Dogmatic) Quest: Searching for their own answers rather than religious answers |
