Exam 2

Front 1

Zeus- (Roman name “Jupiter”

Back 1

king of the gods, sky

Front 2

Venus- (Greek name “Aphrodite”),

Back 2

love, beauty, and procreation

Front 3

tholos

Back 3

a circular structure, general in Classical Greek style and probably derived from early tombs

Front 4

syllogism

Back 4

a deductive scheme of formal argument, consisting of two premises from which a conclusion may be drawn

Front 5

protagonist

Back 5

the leading character in a play or story

Front 6

pluralistic

Back 6

(in metaphysics) any of various theories holding that there are multiple basic substances or principles as the ground of reality, or that reality consists of multiple elements.2 A conviction that various religious, ethnic, racial, and political groups shouldbe allowed to thrive in a single society.

Front 7

pediment

Back 7

the triangular space forming the gable of a two-pitched roof in Classical architecture; any similar triangular form found over a portico, door, or window

Front 8

order

Back 8

Classical architecture, the parts of a building that stand in fixed and constant relation to each other; the three Classical orders are the Doric, the Ionic, and the Corinthian

Front 9

oligarchy

Back 9

a government in which power lies in the hands of an elite minority

Front 10

ode

Back 10

a poem expressing exalted emotion in honor of a person or special occasion

Front 11

octave

Back 11

the series of eight tones forming any major or minor scale

Front 12

Nike

Back 12

Greek goddess of victory

Front 13

monophony

Back 13

(Greek, “one voice”) a musical texture consisting of a single, unaccompanied line of melody

Front 14

monistic

Back 14

one belief system

Front 15

mode

Back 15

a type of musical scale characterized by a fixed pattern of pitch and tempo within the octave; because the Greeks associated each of the mode with a different emotional state, it is likely that the mode involved something more than a particular musical scale, perhaps a set of rhythms and melodic turns associated with each scale pattern

Front 16

metope

Back 16

the square panel between the beam ends under the roof of a structure

Front 17

lyre

Back 17

any one of a group of plucked stringed instruments; usually made of tortoise shell or horn an therefore light in weight

Front 18

krater

Back 18

a vessel used for mixing wine and water

Front 19

kouros

Back 19

(Greek, “youth”; pl. Kouroi) a youthful male figure, usually depicted nude in ancient Greek sculpture; the female counterpart is the kore (Greek, “maiden”; pl. korai)

Front 20

kithara

Back 20

a large version of the lyre (having seven to eleven strings) and the principle instrument of ancient Greek music

Front 21

hymn

Back 21

a lyric poem offering divine praise or glorification

Front 22

hubris

Back 22

excessive pride; arrogance

Front 23

Herodotus

Back 23

father of history (first historian; eyewitness)

Front 24

gable

Back 24

the triangular section of a wall at the end of a pitched roof

Front 25

frieze

Back 25

in architecture, a sculptured or ornamented band

Front 26

ethics

Back 26

the branch of philosophy that sets forth the principles of human conduct

Front 27

epithet

Back 27

a characterizing word or phrase; in Homeric verse, a compound adjective used to identify a person or thing

Front 28

empirical method

Back 28

a method of inquiry dependent on direct experience or observation

Front 29

dialectical method

Back 29

a question-and-answer style of inquiry made famous by Socrates

Front 30

deomcracy

Back 30

a government in which supreme power is vested in the people

Front 31

Contrapposto

Back 31

(Italian, “counterpoised”) a position assumed by the human body in which one part is turned in opposition to another part

Front 32

aulos

Back 32

a wind instrument used in ancient Greece; it had a double reed (held inside the mouth) and a number of finger holes and was always played in pairs, that is, with the performer holding on in each hand; a leather band was often tied around the head to support the cheeks, thus enabling the player to blow harder

Front 33

antagonist

Back 33

the character that directly opposes the protagonist in drama or fiction

Front 34

amphora

Back 34

1. a two-handled vessel used for oil or wine

Front 35

allegory

Back 35

a literary device in which objects, persons, or actions are equated with secondary, figurative meanings that underlie their literal meaning

Front 36

aesthetics

Back 36

1. what makes something beautiful

Front 37

catalog

Back 37

a list of people, things, or attributes, characteristic or Homeric literature

Front 38

platonic idealism

Back 38

the theory that holds that things in the material world are manifestations of an independent realm of unchanging, immaterial ideas or forms

Front 39

portico

Back 39

a porch with a roof supported by columns

Front 40

Aristotle

Back 40

Greek philosopher, taught Alexander the Great

Front 41

Democritus

Back 41

an influential Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the universe

Front 42

Euripedes

Back 42

a tragedian of classical Athens. He is one of the three whose plays have survived, with the other two being Aeschylus and Sophocles

Front 43

Heraclitus

Back 43

a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, The obscure, the weeping philosopher

Front 44

Leucippus

Back 44

a philosopher that was the earliest Greek to develop the theory of atomism — the idea that everything is composed entirely of various imperishable, indivisible elements called atoms

Front 45

Plato

Back 45

1. a philosopher, as well as mathematician, in Classical Greece, considered an essential figure in the development of philosophy, especially the Western tradition, and he founded the Academy in Athens

Front 46

Platos republic

Back 46

1. a Socratic dialogue, written by Plato around 380 BC, concerning the definition of justice, the order and character of the just city-state and the just man

Front 47

Pythagoras

Back 47

an Ionian Greek philosopher, mathematician, and founder of the religious movement called Pythagoreanism

Front 48

Sophocles

Back 48

one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived. His first plays were written later than those of Aeschylus, and earlier than or contemporary with those of Euripides(the Theban plays)

Front 49

Thales

Back 49

a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, attempted to explain natural phenomena without reference to mythology

Front 50

Thucydides

Back 50

an Athenian historian, political philosopher and general. His History of the Peloponnesian War recounts the 5th century BC war between Sparta and Athens to the year 411 BC

Front 51

sophists

Back 51

a specific kind of teacher in both Ancient Greece and in the Roman Empire specialized in using the tools of philosophy and rhetoric

Front 52

monarchy

Back 52

a form of government in which sovereignty is actually or nominally embodied in 1 or several individual(s) reigning until death or abdication

Front 53

metaphysics

Back 53

1. a traditional branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the fundamental nature of being and the world that encompasses it

Front 54

induction

Back 54

the action or process of inaugurating someone to a position or organization