Exam 2

Front 1

Ethics

Back 1

deals with moral duty and obligation; set of moral principles or values

Front 2

Morality

Back 2

doctrine or system of moral conduct; refers to principles of right, wrong, and fairness in behavior; fairness, justice, and equity

Front 3

Business Ethics

Back 3

Concerned with morality and fairness in behavior, actions, policies, and practices that take place within a business context

Front 4

Moral Philosophy

Back 4

Descriptive Ethics

Normative Ethics

Front 5

Descriptive Ethics

Back 5

Concerned with describing, characterizing, and studying the morality of people, org's, culture's, or society; compares and contrasts diff moral codes, sys's, practices, belief's, and values; focus is on learning what is occurring in the realm of behavior, actions, etc of business firms, managers, industries; "what is"

Danger: some ppl may adopt the view that if everyone is doing it it must be acceptable

Front 6

Normative Ethics

Back 6

supplying and justifying a coherent moral sys of thinking and judging; seek to uncover, develop, and justify basic moral principles that are intended to guide behavior, actions, and decisions; seeks to propose some principle/s for distinguishing what is ethical from what is unethical in the business context; "what ought to be"

Concerned with est. norms or standards by which business practices might be guided or judged

Front 7

Three major approaches to Business Ethics

Back 7

1. Conventional approach: based on ordinary, common sense and prevailing practice

2. Principles approach: based on the use of ethical principles or guidelines to justify and direct behavior, actions, policies, and practices

3. Ethical tests approach: based on short, practical questions or tests to guide ethical decision making, behavior, and practices

Front 8

Conventional approach

Back 8

based on ordinary, common sense and prevailing practice; the approach whereby we compare a decision, practice, or policy with prevailing norms of acceptability in society

Front 9

Principles Approach

Back 9

based on the use of ethical principles or guidelines to justify and direct behavior, actions, policies, and practices

Front 10

Ethical Test Approach

Back 10

based on short, practical questions or tests to guide ethical decision making, behavior, and practices

Front 11

Making ethical judgements

Back 11

1. we observe the decision, action or practice

2. compare the practice with prevailing norms of acceptability

3. we must recognize that value judgments are being made

Front 12

Immoral

Back 12

unethical; approach that is devoid of ethical principles or precepts and at the same time implies a positive and active opposition to what is ethical; managers motives are selfish; management understands what is right and wrong; regards legal standards as barriers that the management must avoid or overcome to accomplish what it wants

Operating strategy: focused on exploiting opportunities for corporate or personal gain

Front 13

Moral

Back 13

Conforms to the highest standards of ethical behavior or professional standards of conduct

Operating Strategy: live by sound ethical stds, seeking out only those eco opps that the org or manag can pursue w/in the confines of ethical boundaries

Front 14

Intentional Amoral Management

Back 14

do not factor ethical considerations into their decisions, actions, and behaviors b/c they believe business activity resides outside the sphere to which moral judgements apply; think diff rules apply in business

Operating strategy: not to bridle managers with excessive ethical structure but to permit free rein w/in the supposedly unspoken but understood tenets of the free enterprise sys

Front 15

Unintentional Amoral management

Back 15

D/n think about business activity in ethical terms due to carelessness or inattentiveness to the fact that their decisions and actions may have neg effects on others; lack ethical perception and moral awareness; no moral sense

Operating strategy: not to bridle managers with excessive ethical structure but to permit free rein w/in the supposedly unspoken but understood tenets of the free enterprise sys

Front 16

Ethical relativism

Back 16

where we pick and choose which source of norms we wish to use on the basis of what will justify our current actions or max. our freedom

Front 17

Preconventional Level

Back 17

Focus: self

1. Reaction to punishment

2. Seeking if rewards

Front 18

Conventional Level

Back 18

Focus: Others

3. Good boy/nice girl morality; to be responsive to family, friends, or superiors

4. Law and order morality; to be a good citizen

Front 19

Postconventional, Autonomous, or Principled Level

Back 19

Focus: Humankind

5. Social contract orientation

6. Universal ethical principle orientation

Front 20

5 principal repositotires of values influencing businesspeople

Back 20

1. Religious values

2. Philosophical values

3. Cultural values

4. Legal values

5.Professional values

Front 21

Sources of values internal to the org

Back 21

1. respect for the authority structure

2. Loyalty to bosses and the org

3. conformity to principles, practices, and traditions

4. Performance counts above all else

5. results count above all else

Front 22

Elements of Moral Judgment

Back 22

1. Moral imagination

2. Moral identification

3. Moral evaluation

4. Tolerance of moral disagreement and ambiguity

5. Integration of managerial and moral competence

6. Sense of moral obligation